Chapter 4 The Chemical Basis of Life Introduction Your body is an elaborate chemical system. Chemical signals between brain less enable your mind to understand what you see. You nourish those cells with chemicals that are obtained from food. Life is all about chemicals and how they interact Concept 4.1 Life requires about 25 chemical elements Elements Humans and other organisms are examples of matter. Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass. (Physical
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BIOLOGY 22 MODULE 1 – Chemical Basis of Life v2.0 * Levels of Organization – biological functions are ultimately based on the properties of atoms and molecules * Subatomic particles – neutrons‚ electrons‚ protons * Atoms * Compounds * Complexes of compounds * Organelles – bodies within cells that perform specific functions * Cell * Specific combination of organelles * Can metabolize and reproduce * Least elaborate living structure * Significance
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Chemistry Summary The particle theory: 1. Matter is made of tiny particles 2. Particles of matter are in constant motion 3. Particles of matter are held together by very strong electric forces 4. There are empty spaces between the particles of matter that are very large compared to the particles themselves. 5. Each substance has unique particles that are different from the particles of other substances 6. Temperature affects the speed of the particles. The
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carbon-oxygen bonds in formaldehyde‚ H2CO‚ or the bond in carbon monoxide‚ CO. In which molecule is the carbon-oxygen bond shorter? The bond is shorter in CO 42) Estimate ΔHº for forming 2 mol ammonia from molecular nitrogen and molecular hydrogen. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic? (N2 has a triple bond.) -92 kj is the
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Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the rate equation for the “Iodine Clock Reaction” experiment. The experiment will consider the equations 〖2I〗^-+S_2 O_8→2〖〖SO〗_4〗^(2-)+I_2 and I_2+2〖S_2 O_3〗^(2-)→2I^-+S_4 O_6 in order to determine the rate law of Rate=k[〖〖S_2 O_8〗^(2-)]〗^a 〖[I^-]〗^b by using the experimental data to calculate the values of exponents a and b as well as the rate constant k. Experimental Supplies Needed: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ 100 mL beaker‚ graduated
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Aldol In this preparative lab‚ an aldol (trans-p-anisalacetophenone) was produced from the reaction between p-anisaldehyde and acetophenone with the presence sodium hydroxide. The reaction also showed the importance of an enolate and the role it played in the mechanism. Sodium hydroxide acts as a catalyst in this experiment and is chosen because of its basic conditions and pH. The acetophenone carries an alpha hydrogen that has a pKa between 18 and 20. This alpha hydrogen is acidic because of its
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From the results recorded it was identified that activity A and C had exothermic reactions‚ whilst activity B had an endothermic reaction. Each of the activities had initially begun with 23.4/8/9oC‚ however‚ within one minute of adding the 2nd reactants‚ the results began showing‚ as seen from the graph. Activity A and C had risen in temperature‚ with A gaining 4oC and in total of 2 minutes having the temperature of 27.9oC along with C increasing by 2.2oC and within 2 minutes of the experiment having
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Interatomic Bonding Tutorial Suggested Solutions 1. |Substances |Type of bonding |Type of structure | |H2O |Covalent |Simple molecular | |SiCl4 |covalent |simple molecular | |RbCl |ionic |giant lattice/ionic | |Si |covalent
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of Reactions AP Chemistry Purpose The focus of this experiment is to recognize that when aqueous solutions of potassium iodate ion (KIO3-) and bisulfite ion (HSO3-) are mixed‚ a series of reactions will occur‚ and the final reaction is signaled by the appearance of a dark blue color. My partners and I investigate how the concentration of the reactants affects the rate of reaction. The purpose of this lab is to find the order of the reaction with
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determine the reaction time of the test participant and using the subtractive method identify the selection time and identification time of the participant. The experiments had one participant who participated in a total of 6 experiments; two experiments required a simple reaction with a single stimulus and 4 experiments that required a more complicated reaction. Keywords Subtractive method – the procedure of estimating the time it takes to perform various cognitive operations. Simple reaction – this
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