synthesis of an ester can be accomplished in one of several ways. An esterification occurs when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid are reacted in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst‚ such as sulfuric acid. Because these reactions result in an equilibrium mixture of both products and reactants‚ the reaction conditions must be
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Solubility as a Property of Matter A Lab of Chemicals‚ Chromatography‚ and Crime! Chemistry is a natural science that deals with the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes. At crime scenes‚ investigators often find unknown materials that need to be identified. If an unknown material is a mixture‚ an investigator may want to know one or two things about it: What are the ingredients of the mixture? Is the mixture found at the scene the same as a known mixture? A mixture is a collection
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Osmosis Lab Research Question: In this lab‚ our goal was to look at the effects of different sucrose concentrations on osmosis in potatoes. Our research question was “How do the sugar levels affect the rate of osmosis in potatoes?”. Background Information: Solutions consist of solutes dissolved in a solvent. In all living organisms there are many different types of solutes including salts and sugars. The major solvent is water. There are different concentrations of solutes in various regions
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Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in Sordaria 979554296 Biology 110 Lab Introduction: In Israel there exists multiple spots in the mountains called Evolution Canyons‚ which are all located between a southern facing slope (SFS) and a northern facing slope (NFS). What’s particularly interesting about these locations is that despite the two slopes being on opposite sides of a small canyon‚ they exhibit extremely contrasting conditions. The SFS receives multiple times the UV radiation from the sun
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Genetically Modified Organisms INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this lab was to identify if non-labeled food products are actually genetically modified foods. Before we could begin testing this theory we first had to gain an understanding about genetically modified organisms in general. This was rather easy because if you have been to any grocery store lately you have without a doubt seen products with labels saying "GMO-free" or even "contains only non-GMO ingredients." GMO actually stands for
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Carbohydrate Lab Report Introduction Qualitative identification of a substance is of significant importance in chemistry. Physical constants such as melting points have traditionally been used by organic chemistry for identification of unknown compounds. As for inorganic substances‚ the precipitation of a solid‚ results of a flame test‚ or the formation of a colored substance could all be keys to identifying a sample. Chromatography and spectra are amongst the newer techniques
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The objective of this lab was to recreate the color profile of a given solution. In this case‚ the solution was Powerade. The final solution should match the absorbance values at the peak wavelengths (420nm and 628nm) in Powerade. This lab was done using deionized water‚ FD&C Blue #1‚ FD&C Yellow #5‚ FD&C Red #40‚ and a spectrometer. To obtain the correct color profile‚ FD&C Blue #1 and FD&C Yellow #5 were utilized in the sample solutions. The experiment was conducted over two days; the first day
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reportChemistry 117L Laboratory Report Name: Aneesa Noorani Lab Day: Tuesday Lab Room: SCL 114 Date of Experiment: January 22‚ 2013 TA: Mikhail 1. Basic Laboratory Skills Purpose(s) of the Experiment: The purpose of the first part of today’s experiment is to establish the stoichiometry of the reaction between titrate oxalate (C2O42-) and permanganate (MnO4-). The purpose of the second part of today’s experiment is to learn about the concepts of the rate of chemical reactions and homogenous
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Wanni Lin Biology 110 March 2‚ 2015 DNA Lab BACKGROUND In this laboratory experiment‚ students were introduced to DNA electrophoresis. DNA electrophoresis is an instrument that many forensic scientists use to get a DNA fingerprint as an evidence for crimes. Not only can it be used for forensic science‚ people can use this for paternity test‚ as well as look for evolutionary relationships among organisms. Agarose is used to make the gel that the DNA fragments are going into. Since DNA particles are
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Introduction: Chemical methods of control: Antimicrobial drugs‚ involves the use of chemicals to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Pasteur and others observed that infecting an animal with Pseudomonas aeruginosa protected the animal against Bacillus anthracis. Later‚ the word “antibiosis” (against life) for this inhibition and called the inhibiting substance “Antibiotic”. As researchers found out more and more about these chemicals they were able to discover that antibiotics are chemicals or natural
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