The two‚ OSI and TCP/IP are Standardized Protocol Architectures developed specifically for: 1. Devices to communicate 2. Vendors to have more marketable products 3. Customers to insist on standards based equipment The OSI is a reference model whilst TCP/IP is the suite which is the most widely used. Description of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI Model) Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) It is made up of seven layers and each layer: 1. performs a subset of
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Marketing Effort 77 Marketing Analysis 77 I Marketing Planning 78 I Marketing Implementation 78 I Marketing Department Organization 79 I Marketing Control 80 Measuring and Managing Return on Marketing Investment 81 Reviewing Objectives and Key Terms 83 I Key Terms 84 I Discussing & Applying the Concepts 84 I Focus on Technology 84 I Focus on Ethics 85 I Marketing & the Economy 85 I Marketing by the Numbers 85 Preparing an Integrated Marketing Plan and Program 36 Building
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Attacks on layer two of the OSI model Seven layers of OSI In 1977 a model called Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) was proposed‚ with the aim to establish an interoperability standard for different vendor products. This model defines several layers related to data transfer‚ from the lowest (physical) to the highest (application) layer. They have a strong dependence upon one another and headers are usually added when traversing from a lower layer to a higher one. The seven layers are: Layer 1 -
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Introduction The study of economics is divided by the modern economists into two parts viz. Micro economics and Macro economics. This division is shown in the chart above. Micro economics and Macro economics‚ both the terms were used in 1933 by Prof. Ragnar Frisch from Oslo University of Norway. Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning "large" and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance‚ structure‚ behavior‚ and decision-making of an economy as a whole
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CHAPTER 1 Key Term Quiz 1. _______________ is any combination of text‚ graphic art‚ sound‚ animation‚ and video delivered to you by computer or other electronic means. 2. _______________ allows an end user to control what and when the elements are delivered. 3. _______________ is a structure of linked elements through which the user can navigate. 4. A _______________ multimedia project allows users to sit back and watch it just as they do a movie or the television. 5. _______________ tools
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BUSS 2 Key Term Definitions ©T Ockenden Finance: Budget – A budget is regarded as a goal or a “yardstick”; it’s something a business uses in order to work to‚ for example: a firm may have budgeted fixed costs of £5000‚ they aim to either meet this budget or fall below it to operate to the desired level. Variance – Variance applies to budgets‚ and it is the difference between the forecasted or budgeted figure‚ and the actual figure that comes out at the end of a certain review period
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Key Terms Active transport: membrane proteins use cellular energy (usually ATP) to move molecules or ions across a plasma membrane against their concentration gradient. Allele: different forms of a gene • genotype – the combination of alleles in an organism. Aquaporin: a specialised channel protein in the plasma membrane of a cell‚ which is selectively permeable to water. Attachment protein: a protein in the plasma membrane of a cell that attaches either to the cytoskeleton inside the cell‚
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is still available‚ the fact that she chose to work 2 hours reveals that she prefers the second pay scheme. EconS452 Midterm 10/25/2012 3. The total costs for Morris Industries are summarized in the following table. Based on this information‚ fill in the missing entries in the table for fixed
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APUSH Key Terms Chapter One Conquistador- one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. Aztec Moctezuma- was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan‚ reigning from 1502 to 1520. The first contact between indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign‚ and he was killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of Mexico Treaty of Tordesilas- signed at Tordesillas (now in Valladolid province‚ Spain)‚ 7 June 1494‚ divided
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Introduction to the OSI Reference Model The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defined the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model to standardize networking of devices from different vendors. The OSI reference model is mostly an architecture blueprint that networking and computer device manufacturers implement. The OSI model has never been implemented exactly as defined. The TCP/IP protocol stack is the closest implementation available today. Application Layer (7)
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