Expectations‚ Variances & Covariances The Rules of Summation n å xi ¼ x1 þ x2 þ Á Á Á þ xn covðX; YÞ ¼ E½ðXÀE½XÞðYÀE½YÞ i¼1 n ¼ å å ½x À EðXÞ½ y À EðYÞ f ðx; yÞ å a ¼ na x y i¼1 n covðX;YÞ r ¼ pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi varðXÞvarðYÞ n å axi ¼ a å xi i¼1 n i¼1 n n i¼1 i¼1 E(c1X þ c2Y ) ¼ c1E(X ) þ c2E(Y ) E(X þ Y ) ¼ E(X ) þ E(Y ) å ðxi þ yi Þ ¼ å xi þ å yi i¼1 n n n i¼1 i¼1 å ðaxi þ byi Þ ¼ a å xi þ b å yi i¼1 n var(aX þ bY þ cZ ) ¼ a2var(X) þ b2var(Y ) þ c2var(Z
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|Turnover Ratio | |N.I. Net Income |XA Uncollectable | | |Accounts | | |~A Contra-Asset | | |(negative) | | |$ CASH | Balance sheet |Assets |Liabilities | |Current Assets |Current Liabilities | |Cash |Payable (Account‚ | |Marketable |Note‚Interest‚ | |Securities/Stocks |Salaries‚ Income | |Short Term |Tax)
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Luk’s Tax Cheat Sheet Types of Income and Net Income: Segment A: Employment Income‚ Business Income‚ Property Income‚ Other (alimony) Segment B: Taxable capital gains less allowable capital losses either + or zero Segment C: Other deductions ie. RRSP contribution‚ moving expense‚ etc. Segment D: Employment‚ business or property loss; allowable business investment loss Employment Test: Control Test: An employer has the right to tell an employee what to do‚ when‚ and how Ownership of Tools:
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target population without bias Observational Study: no intervention by the investigator‚ no treatment imposed Experimental Study: investigator has some control over the determinant Variables: Categorical – each observation falls into a finite number of groups Nominal: named variables with no implied order e.g. personality type Ordinal: grouped variables with implied order e.g. level of education Continuous – measured variables Discrete: take discrete values e.g. number of children
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Midterm Cheat Sheet (EDG 701) |Period of |Freud Psychosexual |Erickson | |Life | |Psychosocial (role | | | |of ego/social influ)| |First Year|Oral Stage—oral |Infancy: Trust vs. | | |fixations/gratificat|Mistrust—basic needs| | |ion—mistrust of |met=trust; not | | |others‚ rejection‚ |met=mistrust | | |love/fear of | | | |intimate
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Market Structure | NumberofSellers | TypeofProduct | BarrierstoEntry? | DemandCurve | Profit Maximization Condition | Perfect Competition | Many | Homogenous | No | Horizontal (perfectly elastic) | MR = MC | Monopoly | One | Unique | Yes | Downward Sloping | MR = MC | Monopolistic Competition | Many | Differentiated | No | Downward Sloping | MR = MC | Oligopoly | Few | Homogenous or Differentiated | Yes | Downward Sloping | MR = MC | The natural monopoly may be regulated through price‚ profit
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Ch. 51- FAP: sequence of behaviors that are usually carried through to completion. Habituation:loss of sensitivity to unimportant stimuli. Associative learning: associating one stimulus with another. Class. Conditioning: association of an irrelevant stimulus with a fixed physiological response. Cognition: animal’s ability to perceive‚ store‚ process‚ and use info. from its sensory receptors. Agonistic behavior: contest to determine which competitor gains access to a resource. Ch. 54- Nitrogen fixation:
Free DNA Protein Gene
CH10 The government debt totaled 27% of total credit market debt although this number has risen since that time.Mortgages comprised 28%‚ Corporate and Foreign Bonds 22% and Municipal Bonds 5% of total credit market debt in the third quarter of 2008. The issuing company may choose to call the bond and require the bondholder to turn in the bond in exchange for receiving the bond’s call price. A callable bond gives the issuing company the right to call in the bond by paying the bondholder the call price
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Chapter 1 - Organizational Behaviour Theory X & Y (9‚ McGregor‚ 1960) X - dislike work‚ require close supervision‚ interest in security |Y - self-directed‚ seek responsibility‚ creative Human V.S. Social Capital (13‚ Fig 1-2) Human - productive potential of knowledge & actions Social - productive potential of relationships‚ goodwill‚ trust and cooperative effort. Wilson’s Skills Profile of Effective Managers (16‚ Shipper‚ 1995) Clarifies goals & objectives |Encourage participation |Plans
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Cyber Stalking Stalking: series of actions that would cause a person to fear death or injury Spam (Bulk email marketing) Internet version of junk mail Where do they get email addys? - legitimate companies - Newsgroup Extractors - Websites Extractors Avoiding Spam - Use phoney address - Use anonymous remailer - Use “AT” in your email address instead of @. Internet Fraud / Identity Theft Credit Card Fraud: The unauthorized use of credit cards to obtain money or property Common ways
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