Chemical reactions proceeding until all the reactants are used is a common misconception. Chemical reactions actually behave differently. The general reaction equation is a A + b B → c C +d D in this equation A and B are the reactants forming the products C and D. However‚ unlike the common thought that the reaction ends when it runs out of A and B it actually does not. In most reactions C and D start to react to form A and B at a certain point as you can see in the equation c C + d D → a A + b
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PAHANG TRIAL 2009 EXAMINATION CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEMES SECTION A - Structural Questions: Question 1. (a) (i) The presence of isotopes 1M (ii) Let the abundance of 63X be a %. The % abundance of 65X. = ( 100 – a ) 1M Relative atomic mass = ( 62.93 x a) + ( 64.93 x ( 100 -a) ) 1M
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F7 Essay Writing (Kinetics) Q. Write an essay on factors which affect the rate of reactions and discuss the uses of kinetic studies. Outlines: (I) Factors affecting the Rate of Reaction (a) temperature ---- collision of molecules with different velocities and kinetic energies ---- Collision Theory and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution ---- Arrhenius equation and Activation energy (b) concentration ---- frequency of collisions and effective collisions
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Le Chatelier’s principle and chemical equilibrium systems Jan Samuel Matuba‚ Mark Cel Gonzaga Chemical Engineering Department‚ College of Engineering‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman 1100 ------------------------------------------------- January 11‚ 2012 DISCUSSION Reaction rates determine the speed at which products are formed from the reactants. Expressed as concentration divided by time‚ reaction rates measure the rate of disappearance of the reactants‚ and‚ conversely‚ the rate
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Over the past few centuries scientists have been trying to answer the question: what was the origin of life? There have been a number of scientists who have produces a number of plausible theories. The currently most excepted theory is Oparin’s theory‚ which states that the "origin of life on Earth was in nonliving chemical substances which spontaneously formed in Earth’s early atmosphere and combined to make more complex chemicals until living cells were formed. " This maybe a possibility because
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investigate two equilibrium systems: (a) cobalt complexes and (b) chromate-dichromate equilibrium and explain observations in light of the Le Chatelier’s principle. II. Theory/Concepts: In 1884 the French chemist and engineer Henry-Louis Le Chatelier proposed one of the central concepts of chemical equilibria. Le Chatelier’s principle can be stated as follows: A change in one of the variables that describe a system at equilibrium produces a shift in the position of the equilibrium that counteracts
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DANIEL NELSON I Scientific Management in Retrospect Injanuary 1912‚ Frederick W. Taylor‚ the center of a highly publicized controversy over the effects of "scientific manage ment‚ " testified before a House of Representatives committee investigating his handiwork. His first objective‚ he explained‚ was to "sweep away a good deal of rubbish." Scientific management was "not any efficiency device. . . . It is not a new system of figuring costs; it is not a new system of paying men . .
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1. OBJECTIVE 1.1 To use Le Chatelier’s principle for determining the effect of change in concentration. 1.2 To use Le Chatelier’s principle for determining the effect of change in temperature. 2. INTRODUCTION Henry-Louis Le Chatelier‚ (born Oct. 8‚ 1850‚ Paris‚ France—died Sept. 17‚ 1936‚ Miribel-les-Échelles)‚ French chemist who is best known for Le Chatelier’s principle‚ which makes it possible to predict the effect a change of conditions (such as temperature‚ pressure‚ or concentration of
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REPORT OF INDUSTRIAL VISIT Letter of Transmittal 31-Oct-2013 To The Head of the Discipline Chemistry Discipline Khulna university‚ KHULNA Dear Sir‚ Sub: Report of the One – Day industrial visit On receiving the letter of permission from Bashunddhara Cement Industries Ltd. Mongla‚ students of Chemistry Discipline with five faculty members went on an industrial visit Bashunddhara Cement Industries Ltd. Mongla on 05-010-13. We all assembled at the university at 8 a.m. and left the university
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Extraction of caffeine from Lipton tea leaves Maria Gianna Beatrice L. Cancio*‚ Joe Mari Isabella B. Caringal‚ Rowena A. Chiang‚ Patricia Deanne del Valle Department of Biological Sciences‚ College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ España‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Caffeine was extracted from Lipton tea leaves by multiple extraction techniques namely solid to liquid extraction and liquid to liquid extraction; the purification by sublimation and melting point determination. Three
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