of living organisms 2.1 Concept and use of a classificatory system 2.2 Adaptations of organisms to their environment 3. Simple Keys Section II: Organisation and maintenance of the organism 1. Cell structure and organisation 2. Levels of organisation 3. Size of specimens 4. Movement in and out of cells 4.1 Diffusion 4.2 Active transport 4.3 Osmosis 5. Enzymes 6. Nutrition 6.1 Nutrients 6.2 Plant nutrition 6.2.1 Photosynthesis 6.2.2 Leaf structure 6.2.3 Mineral requirements 6.3 Animal nutrition
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A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms HISTORY OF EUKARYOTES: 1. Evidence indicates that the first Eukaryotic cells first appeared on the earth approximately 2 billion years ago. Fossilized cells appear in shale sediments from China‚ Russia and Australia the date from 850-950 million years ago. 2. Biologists have discovered evidence to suggest that the eukaryotic cell evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process of intracellular symbiosis. 3. Some of the organelles that
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Review Chapter 4 BB Notes Cells Under the Microscope Cells are microscopic in size. Although a light microscope allows you to see cells‚ it cannot make out the detail that an electron microscope can. The overall size of a cell is regulated by the surface-area-to-volume ratio. 4.2 The Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is a phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipid bilayer regulates the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell. The fluid-mosaic model
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CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE Cells are the smallest functional units of the body‚ (Waugh‚ A. and Grant‚ A.2010). Most cells are microscopic. The largest cell in the body is the female ovum. The erythrocyte is the smallest cell. The longest cell is the neuron. Cells group together to form tissues‚ each of which has specialised function. Different tissues group together to form organs. Organs are group together to form organ systems‚ each of which performs a particular function that
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systems that move nutrients and water throughout the plant body through "tubes" of conductive cells. The vascular tissues of these plants are called xylem and phloem. The xylem of vascular plants consists of dead cells placed end to end that form tunnels through which water and minerals move upward from the roots (where they are taken in) to the rest of the plant. Phloem‚ which is made up of living cells‚ carries the products of photosynthesis (organic nutrients) from the leaves to the other parts
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Chapter 5 An Introduction to Carbohydrates Carbohydrate – sugars‚ encompasses the monomers‚ called monosaccharides‚ small polymers called oligosaccharides‚ and large polymers called polysaccharides 5.1 Sugars as Monomers 1. How Monomers Differ a. Monosaccharide – simple sugar‚ monomer i. Carbonyl group serves as a distinguishing feature 1. At end of molecule‚ forms an aldehyde sugar (aldose) 2. In middle of molecule‚ forms a ketone sugar (ketose)
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microorganisms able to break down biomass‚ will be vital for improving the prospects of significant cellulosic biofuel production. he capture of solar energy through photosynthesis is a process that enables the storage of energy in the form of cell wall polymers (that is‚ cellulose‚ hemicellulose and lignin). The energy stored in these polymers can be accessed in a variety of ways‚ ranging from simple burning to complex bioconversion processes. The high energy content and portability of biologically
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The Glass Castle written by Jeannette Walls is a remarkable true story of a family and the problems they face because of poverty. This two hundred and eighty eight page book is a truly inspiring and astonishing memoir. This book was published in 2005 and has spent more than three years on the New York Times bestseller list. This book would be great for high school students for many reasons. For one high school students aren’t exposed to memoirs very often. Secondly‚ it’s a more modern piece
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fruit milk β-glucose fructose O maltose starch glycogen cellulose chitin = = = = polymer of glucose polymer of α-glucose polymer of β-glucose polymer of glucosamine (glucose with an amino acid attached) chloroplast stroma muscle cells plant cell wall exoskelteton of arthropods O O O O cellulose Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Monosaccharides and disaccharides are sugars. They all have the basic formula (CH2O)n and can be classified according to how many carbon atoms they contain
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21 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power 21.1 21.2 Introduction and Context................................................ 21-2 Solar Concentration and CSP Systems ........................... 21-6 Why Use Concentrating Solar Energy Systems? Dependence of Efficiency on Temperature 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 Solar Concentrator Beam Quality................................... 21-9 Solar Concentration Ratio: Principles and Limitations of CSP Systems........................................... 21-13 Solar Thermal
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