Physiologic Fluid Compartments The major fluid compartments in the body are intracellular and extracellular fluid. Both compartments consist of oxygen‚ dissolved nutrients‚ carbon dioxide‚ and ions. Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid located inside the cells of the body and is vital to normal
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permeability of the membranes of beetroot tissue Problem: To compare the denaturation of membrane of cells in the effect of mouth rinse of different brands and find out which brand of mouth rinse damages the membrane of cells most. Therefore ‚ the health risk of mouth rinse can be known. denaturation is used to describe protein only‚ not a membrane. --> destruction Hypothesis: The pigment in beetroot is permeable to the chemicals in the mouth rinse Principles: The plasma membrane is made up of
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process by which hormones can cause certain genes to be turned on. (4) Any 2 from: - A hormone binds to a receptor in the cell surface membrane - Idea of the receptor causing (chemical) changes inside the cell - A (functional) {second messenger} activates an {enzyme/transcription factor/eq} Any 2 from: - Idea of a hormone entering the cell through the cell membrane - The hormone binds to a receptor - The {hormone-receptor complex/eq} acts as a transcription factor What is the negative
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Bridges Between Cells Unlocking New Understandings Inside Them Though most mammals‚ including humans‚ are born with one skin colour for the rest of their lives‚ there lives a variety of species that are able to change their colour in order to blend in with their surroundings. Amphibians‚ fish‚ and reptiles make up a large component of these animals‚ with the chromatophore organelle present within their cells that allows them to rapidly change colour. One of the few classifications of this organelle
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then respond and influence the degree to which the stimuli restore the affected variable to homeostasis. Examples of homeostatic control systems CELL VOLUME HOMEOSTASIS All cells face a critical problem in the maintenance of a constant volume in the face of extracellular and intracellular fluctuations. These fluctuations can result in cell volume increase or decrease. These are generally swelling and shrinkage respectively.
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Ligand binding assays are an analytical procedure‚ whose method relies on the binding of specific ligand molecules to receptors‚ antibodies or other macromolecules (Hulme et al.‚ 2010). The analysis of radioligand binding assays are based on a simple model‚ called the law of mass action‚ which assumes that binding to the receptors are reversible. The binding to the receptors occurs when the ligand and the receptor collide by diffusion and when the collision has enough energy and the correct orientation
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in the environment. Transport inside cells and moving the body. Control their internal conditions. Increasing the number of organisms. Increasing the number of cells. Variety of Living Organisms Plants: o o o o o o Multicellular organisms Contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis Have cellulose walls outside the cell walls to provide support to the cell Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose Have large permanent vacuoles filled with cell sap that contains water and dissolved
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root hair cells‚ the water molecules move from the area of high potential to the area of low potential. From the soil into the roots. The process by which the molecules of water move into the root hair cells is ’osmosis’. This is a passive process‚ meaning that no energy (in the form of ATP) is used. There are two main ways in which water makes its way to the xylem (cells). These are: the apoplast pathway‚ and the symplast pathway. With the apoplast pathway‚ the water enters the cell wall and then
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possible for human survival without nutrients for up to several weeks‚ without water humans would die in a matter of days. In the human body‚ water makes up 60-70% of adult body weight. At cellular level water makes up between 70-95% of the mass of a cell. The amount of water in the human body is balanced. This balance is between water obtained from liquids consumed and food eaten‚ and water loss in urine during excretion or as water vapour in sweating. When the normal water balance in the body is disrupted
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MATERIAL AND METHODS Stability of cell membrane using pH For the lab experiment for testing the stability of beet cell membranes using pH‚ many materials were used as follows. Obtaining a beet we punch out cores‚ using a cork borer. After washing the cores we put each one inside a separate test tube‚ and added a different pH solution in each one. After 3 minutes in these exposure solutions‚ we took the beet out with a dissecting needle. Then transferred each beet to a separate test tube containing
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