Cell Biology (PCB 3023) Fall 2012 Review for Exam 1 Chapter 1 List the key commonalties and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic – no organelles; no nucleus; bacteria and Achaea; spherical‚ rodlike/corkscrew-shaped; cell wall; Eukaryotic – has nucleus; has organelles Commonalities – contain DNA that stores genetic information What is the main component of cellular membranes? What function(s) do membranes serve in cells? Made of phospholipids; defines
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Chapter 7 Study Guide Cell Structure and Function Section 71: Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork. It seemed to make tiny empty chambers (cells). Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a singlelens microscope to observe pond water & other things. The microscope revealed a world of tiny living organisms that seemed to be everywhere. Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made up of cells. Theodor Schwann stated that all animals were made up of cells
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version each gene Cell nucleus Cytoplasm (Site of transcription/Translation) Splicing Small 30s and large 50s subunit 40s & 60s Subunit region of genes that code for proteins are called exons non coding called introns Cells are made up of molecules‚ which are made up of atoms (smallest units of matter). When atoms are joined together by hydrogen bonds they are molecules. (Hold DNA together) DNA Replication Said to be semiconservative In bacteria DNA replication proceeds
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DNA- is the material found in the nucleus that contains the genetic info. 4 billion codes in length Gene- a segment of DNA that controls a certain protein production. A gene is made up of hundreds to thousands of codes. Chromosomes- genetic material that is coiled up into structures during cell division. Importance of DNA- genes control the production of proteins..(look like‚ body function‚ body communications‚ and enzyme control) DNA screening- the process of testing individuals to determine
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1 Study Guide for Lectures 8/24‚ 8/26‚ 8/31‚ and 9/2 Note: It is highly suggested that you reference the figures/figure legends shown in class to further help you understand class material. The Genome Project (~92% complete): • 20‚000-28‚000 genes in the human genome o The genome was found using a shotgun sequence. o 10% of the genome is Long Intersperse Nuclear Elements (=LINEs). This leaves the questions as to which part of the genome are LINEs? 80‚000-120‚000 proteins in a cell. 200‚000-2
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Enzymatic Activity Introduction HL-60 cells are capable of undergoing differentiation to induce different cell types. HL-60 cells can undergo morphological changes‚ changes in gene expression‚ and changes in protein synthesis. In the past weeks‚ we were able to conclude that HL-60 cells treated with DMSO and HL-60 cells treated with PMA will differentiate into granulocytes and monocytes upon treatment (1). We were also able to observe that both types of treated cells will express the beta-actin gene because
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Cell Division‚ Heredity‚ and Rcolution Practice Questions Cell Division An organism is heterozygous at two gene loci on different chromosomes. Explain how these alleles are transmitted by the process of mitosis to daughter cells. After mitosis the parent cell’s genome is dividedninto two daughter cells. In most eukaryotes‚ the nuclear envelope that separates the DNA from the cytoplasm disassembles. The chromosomes align themselves in a line spanning the cell. As the cell elongates‚ corresponding
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TRANSCRIPTION: Transcription is the process of which DNA matches corresponding RNA bases‚ Transcription is located in the Nucleus‚ and the only type of RNA that is involved in Transcription is mRNA‚ and the purpose is so that the code can get out of the Nucleus‚ mRNA is also made through Transcription‚ It also takes information that doesn’t directly make proteins but it helps makes codes for the production of proteins‚ DNA Transcription consist of 4 nucleotide bases‚ Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Cytosine‚ Guanine
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Chapter 13 study guide 1. In the absence of targeting information‚ what is the default location of proteins synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes? 2. Two membrane-bound organelles that are responsible for making and modifying proteins are? ER and Golgi- newly synthesized secretory proteins are first targeted to the ER‚ where they are folded and modified before exported to the Golgi for sorting 3. Name a few cytoplasmic proteins. 4. Name a few secretory proteins. Plasma membrane proteins
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Eukaryotic Cell Division Cells must continually grow and divide in order for an organism to grow‚ maintain its structure‚ and reproduce. Cell division involves the replication‚ or copying‚ of the complete set of hereditary information. It also involves the equal distribution of the genetic material in the resulting cells. The hereditary information of organisms is contained in large molecules called deoxyribonucleic acid‚ DNA. Objectives Upon completion of this laboratory
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