Causal Research Design: Experimentation Concept of Causality A statement such as "X causes Y " will have the following meaning to an ordinary person and to a scientist. ____________________________________________________ Ordinary Meaning Scientific Meaning ____________________________________________________ X is the only cause of Y. X is only one of a number of possible causes of Y. X must always lead to Y (X is a deterministic cause of Y). It is possible to prove that X is a cause of
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What is causal-comparative research? Also known as “ex post facto” research. (Latin for “after the fact”). In this type of research investigators attempt to determine the cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among groups of individuals.Causal-comparative research is an attempt to identify a causative relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable is usually a suggested
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Causal Science has helped improve many people’s lifestyle from eating a healthy diet to stopping different form of disease that are attacking the human body. Science also provides intolerable lifestyle to people such as the elders as when the elderly have an incurable disease and the elderly are suffering for this incurable disease and wants to die‚ but cannot due to science advancement in technology making impossible to die at that moment. The possible future of science is uncontrollable. The power
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three approaches or theories evaluate the usefulness of conducting comparative policy research. The comparative approach to the study of social life has a long tradition dating back to Ancient Greece. In the social sciences comparative research is widely employed to describe the studies of societies‚ cultures‚ institutions etc. and changes over time and space‚ when they are carried out with the intention of using the same research tool to compare systematically the manifestations of the phenomena
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Casual uncertainty is the differences in people’s ability to understand casual relationships in the social world (Weary and Edwards‚ 2010). There has been very little research done on casual uncertainty and initial interactions. According to previous research‚ Edwards‚ Wichman‚ & Weary‚ (2009)‚ everyone experiences causal uncertainty at some point in their life‚ however‚ some experience these feelings more than others. People determine causes of social events differently. This could be described
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Exploratory‚ Descriptive‚ and Causal Research Designs 26 32400_ch03.indd 26 6/16/11 8:23 PM © ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/BART COENDERS POLL QUESTION: Focus groups are sufficient research tools for most decision problems. ST RONG LY DI SAGR E E 1 2 3 4 5 STR ONGLY AGR E E Learning Objectives 1. Describe the major emphasis of each of the three basic types of research design. 2. Describe the key characteristics and basic uses of exploratory research. 3. Discuss the various types
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Research Question My research question proposed is: Does the amount of education one receives impact the individual’s participation in elections? Theory The Political Participation Theory: As education increases‚ the amount of civic responsibility an individual participates in‚ such as voting in elections‚ increases. Hypothesis Individuals who go to universities and other higher education institutions are more likely to vote in elections on a regular basis than individuals who have not
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Causal determinism claims that our past‚ initial conditions are deterministicly conditioned by natural laws. Causal determinism deals with conditional predictability‚ which says that if I know all of my past/present material conditions and natural laws‚ then I can know my future causal path. Since we always base our choices on our highest desire‚ we can easily predict what choices one is going to make. It seems very plausible for casual determinism to be true. With causal determinism
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CHAPTER 12: CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH CAUSAL AND COMPARATIVE RESEARCH: DEFINITION AND PURPOSE -Causal-comparative research is sometimes treated as a type of descriptive research since it describes conditions that already exist. • -Causal comparative research attempts to determine reasons‚ or causes‚ for the existing condition • -In causal-comparative or ‚ex-post facto‚ research the researcher attempts to determine the cause‚ or reason‚ for preexisting differences in groups of
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determinism‚ libertarian‚ and soft determinism. Being a hard determinist means you do not have free will‚ an incompatibilist‚ and causal determinist. Libertarians are free and incompatibilist; soft determinist are people that say that we do have free will and are causal determinism. An incompatibilist has many options and is free to pick any one of the choices. A causal determinist is when events turn out the same even if you go back in time. In this essay I am going to argue that we should be hard
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