Final Essay A Case Study of Roche’s Drug Trials in China Introduction In business we must evaluate decisions along ethical lines and we must recognize that‚ for the long-term benefit of society‚ we cannot always make these decisions based simply upon a profit motive. The following case exemplifies the complexities inherent in business decisions. The case examined addresses whether it is worth doing something ethically questionable for the sake of a justified end. In 2010‚ the pharmaceutical
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31 March‚ 2013 Table of Contents Preface 3 Introduction 4 I. Deontology 5 The Categorical Imperative 6 Non-consequentialist 7 Moral Anatomy Principle 8 II. Utilitarianism 8 Consequentialist 8 Hypothetical Imperative 9 Utility Principle 9 III. Existentialism 10 Existential Imperative 10 The Facticity of the Other 11 Authenticity Principle 11 IV. Theism 11 Divine Imperative 12 Right Conduct 12 Ethical Realism 12 Conclusion 13 Work cited 14 Preface In
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References: Anderson‚ Kerby. (2008). Utilitarianism:The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number. Probe Ministries. P. 54-60. Guthrie‚ Shandon L.‚ (2001). Immanuel Kant and the Categorical Imperative. The Examined Life On-Line Philosophy Journal. 7(2). Rachels‚ James. (2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw Hills Publishing. ad
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immoral and cannot be justified. To defend this claim‚ this paper will be taking a deontological approach and present counter arguments in favour of utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative suggests three maxims which separate moral from immoral actions (Kant‚ 1981).The first aspect of this imperative states one can only act morally if the statement by which you are acting becomes universal law without contradiction and the consequences of such are logical (Kant‚ 1981). For example
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“Generally‚ if a maxim passes the categorical imperative test‚ the action is permissible; if it fails‚ the action is forbidden‚ and‚ in that case‚ the opposite action of omission is required.” (Kant‚ p. xxi). This means that an individual should only behave in a manner that their actions can be willed into moral law. For example‚ one may believe it is acceptable to skip work in order to stay at home and watch cartoons. The categorical imperative would permit this action if and only if the
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little consequence. It holds that there are conflict free universal ethical rules which may be used by humans as a moral compass. The moral rules are binding at the highest to all. The 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant introduced the the categorical imperative inferring that moral correctness constitutes universal law. For example‚ reason has it that lying is morally wrong. To make an exception for lying to a Nazi to protect a Jew from harm is unethical. In the exception‚ a new opposing absolute
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[A]Explain Kantian ethics. Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 and was a renowned German philosopher with huge influences on modern philosophy. He was perhaps most known for his work ‘Critique of Practical Reason’ which looked at the way we as humans use reason to arrive at result. This work with reason was his most significant‚ aimed as a response to empiricism and rationalism. Kant’s ethical standpoint was also extremely significant and was based strongly around the idea we are duty bound to do
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(1785/2012). A person’s decisions are made by respecting others; this is our duty as humans. Kant further expanded on duty by distinguishing two types‚ hypothetical and categorical imperatives. Categorical imperatives are duties that are pure‚ outright and absolute. There are two questions Kant formulated in relation to categorical imperatives that can be asked when deciding if an action is right or wrong. Can this action be applied to every circumstance as universal law? Is the action being taken a means
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Cloning is a procedure conceived to notion in the late 1960s‚ but it is only recently that it was fully understood and that scientists have started to figure out how to successfully copy the genetic composition of one organism to another. Since science already knows how to do this‚ the only problems and obstacles that remains is efficiency and the success ratio of each operation. The cloning process consists of taking the nucleus of an organism‚ and placing it‚ along with the DNA that contains all
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Kohlberg’s moral development model and by examining major ethical systems‚ namely deontology and utilitarianism‚ a clear understanding of the factors influencing this type of decision-making can be gained. Specifically‚ utilitarianism‚ Kant’s categorical imperative and the doctrine of double effect address the decision from differing viewpoints‚ providing the decision maker with compelling evidence to support both angles of the ethical and moral dilemma presented in the decision at hand. A decision can
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