Fuel cells have become a favorable future power source because they can convert chemical energy directly into electricity in a highly efficient‚ environmentally friendly manner. Although fuel cells were invented one and a half centuries ago‚ only recently has it become feasible for them to compete with existing energy production systems. Among the various types of fuel cells‚ proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells promise to become a viable power source for transportation as well as a distributed
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Part one 1. a) When hydrogen peroxide was added to manganese‚ tiny bubbles formed in the solution- intensity of (1). b)The solution did not change in temperature. c) The bubbles stopped forming after about 18 minutes. 2. After we added 2 more mL of hydrogen peroxide‚ the reaction occurred again. Again‚ small bubbles formed; intensity of (1). The solution did not change in temperature. The reaction lasted about 15 minutes. 3. After adding more manganese dioxide‚ the reaction occurred again. This
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Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reaction but are not themselves consumed or changed by the reaction. The cell’s biological catalysts are proteins. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains that are folded to make an active site‚ an area in which a material to be acted on by the enzyme‚ called the substrate‚ will fit. The temperature‚pH‚ the concentration of enzyme‚ and the concentration of substrate all affect the activity of the enzyme and the rate of the reaction. The
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The prediction for the effects of temperature on the enzyme activity was that the reaction’s rate would increase as the temperature increased‚ until they go over the optimum temperature where the enzymes denature and the reaction’s rate quickly drops to zero. At 5 degree C the rate is 0.00059mole PNP/min. This then increases to 0.01031mmoles PNP/min at a temperature of 50 degree C. The rate then drops drastically to -0.00215moles PNP/min. This point is where the enzymes have been denatured and
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Hydrolysis of tert-butyl Chloride in different solvents Practical conducted on 5 March‚ 2013 Reported by Pham Vu Hung on 10 March‚ 2013 Introduction: This practical is meant to measure the rate of reaction of the hydrolysis of tertiary-butyl chloride –a colorless‚ liquid organic compound at room temperature that is sparingly soluble in water - in water/acetone and water/isopropanol mixtures. Since there are many influencing factors for the rate of reaction‚ all are kept constant but the
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The effect temperature has on the activity of the enzyme α- amylase. Introduction Enzymes are a biological catalysts‚ which means that they speed up the chemical reactions in living organisms. Almost all of enzymes are energized protein molecules that catalyse and regulate nearly all biochemical reactions that occur within the human body. The reason in which enzymes are sensitive to heat‚ pH and heavy metal ions is because they are made up of proteins. The food we eat is turned into energy by enzymes
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Chemical reactions are at the heart of all biological processes. The body must regulate precisely all the chemical reactions going on in order to maintain life. Much of this regulation is done by changing the activity of enzymes.(www.biology.kenyon.edu) Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells.(www.livescience.com) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by providing an alternate
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Daphnia are cold-blooded poikilotherms that rely on heat from the surrounding water to maintain their body temperature. An increase in the water temperature should equate to an increase in metabolic activity due to enzymes working at a temperature closer to their optimum level. However‚ once the optimum temperature has been exceeded‚ the enzymes will begin to denature. Hydrogen bonds‚ which keep the protein conformation‚ begin to break‚ causing a change in shape of the active site; substrates
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Enzyme Activity How does temperature affect enzyme activity? In this practical investigation‚ my aim is to discover how temperature will affect enzyme activity‚ by looking at the rate of reaction. I predict that the higher the temperature will be‚ the faster the reactions take place. However‚ I also think that there will be an optimum temperature‚ at which the reaction will work at its fastest; if the temperature goes beyond that‚ the reactions will stop altogether as the enzymes would have
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The effect on rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction by different objectives which include effect of substrate‚ temperature‚ ph and effect of a competitive inhibitor phosphate ions. This is determined by the reaction of hydrolysis by p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNP) as a substrate by the enzyme phosphatase. Abstract The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate has been studied in human red blood cells. To see if hydrolysis was related to the functioning of the sodium pump. Acid phosphatase catalysis’s
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