CONTENTS Lamm Table of Content now needs to be re-arrange to match labs in body of manual. ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2 DIFFUSION 3 OSMOSIS 4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS I (STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF) 6 PHOTOSYNTHESIS II (STARCH TEST ON LEAF) 7 PHOTOSYNTHESIS III (IMPORTANCE OF CHLOROPHYLL) 8 NUTRITION I (ENZYME ACTION) 9 NUTRITION II (FOOD TESTS) 11 FOOD TEST INSTRUCTIONS 13 RESPIRATION I (RESPIRATORY SUFACES) 15 RESPIRATION II (STRUCTURE OF A FISH GILL) 16 TRANSPORT IN PLANTS (TRANSPIRATION) 17 RESPONSE I (PUPIL
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Iron is a most significant constituent of the cell redox schemes such as hemeproteins including cytochromes‚ catalase‚ peroxidase and leghemoglobin and iron sulfur proteins like acontiase‚ ferredoxin‚ and superoxide disumutase (SOD) (Marschner‚ 1986). The appearance of iron toxicity symptoms in leaf tissues arises only under flooded state‚ which involves the microbial
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Absract The aim of the prac was to identify and isolate Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli in milk and salmonella in poultry.It was to investigate bacteriological quality of milk and poultry. Salmonella is areprobably the most important cause of food borne illness globally.Staphylocooccus aureus all cause food borne diseases if consumed in a contaminated milk. For milk a spread plate method was used and for poultry a streak method was applied using different Medias. All food contain a certain
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thin layer peptidoglycan) | Crystal violet‚ iodine‚ 95% Alcohol‚ Safranin | Purple specimen- Gram Positive‚ cell wall has thick peptidoglycan layer | Pink Specimen- Gram Negative‚ cell wall has thin peptidoglycan layer | Catalase Test | To determine the production of catalase enzyme. The enzyme that catalyzes H2O2 | Hydrogen Peroxide | Bubbles produced – enzyme present | No bubbles – enzyme not present | Oxidase Test | To determine the presence of cytochrome oxidase. Enzyme used when O2 is
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The Urea test was used to test both Unknown Gram-positive and Unknown Gram-negative bacteria. One colony of bacteria was used from the Unknown 13A plate and Unknown 13B plate in order to inoculate the Urea Slant. After the slant was inoculated‚ the cultures were placed in an incubator at 35ºC for Gram-positive bacteria‚ and 37ºC for Gram-negative bacteria for a total of 48 hours. If the Urea test were positive‚ the color of the slant would have changed to a hot pink color‚ which indicated the bacteria’s
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AIM The aim of this investigation is to explore the effect of different concentrations of bile salts on the time taken for the lipase enzyme to break down fat. BILE Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water‚ bile salts‚ bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order
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31 October 2011 Identification and observations of Citrobacter Freundii Introduction Citrobacter Freundii is a species of bacteria that can be potentially harmful to humans. It is known to cause meningitis by protruding into the brain and replicating itself (1). The Citrobacter species has also been found as a cause of some urinary tract infections‚ diarrhea‚ and even gastrointestinal diseases and symptoms (3). C. Freundii can be located in a wide variety of soils and water (3). Lastly‚ it is
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respectively. The three In Vitro Antifungal 3 extracts significantly regenerated SOD activity with the range of 103 to 178% when compared to the control‚ and IDPc activity with the range of 34.4 to 42.2%. The three extracts also regenerated catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities with the range of 91.6 to 139% in comparison to the control. Hydrogen peroxide did not change intracellular glutathione content. The three serial
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Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Pathogenicity • Pathogenicity: • Virulence: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Figure 15.9 Portals of Entry • Mucous membranes • Skin • Parenteral route Numbers of Invading Microbes • ID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of pathogen that will infect half of the test animals • LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of toxin that will kill half of the test
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and Gram-negative cells are decolorized. To see the Gram-negative cells‚ a red counterstain is used (safranin or acid fuchsin). After counterstaining‚ the Gram-positive cells are purple and the Gram-negative cells are red. 4. It is positive for catalase and nitrate
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