INTRODUCTION Maleic acid and Fumaric acid are both compounds belonging to the carboxylic acids class. In this experiment‚ we formed the two isomers of 1‚2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid and tested the solubility and melting points of both of these products. Both of these compounds involve a carbon-carbon double bond that is composed of one σ bond and one π bond. The overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals forms the σ bond‚ and one empty p orbital forms the π bond. This process is illustrated in the figure below:
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natural water course. Check with the local waste water treatment plant authority to determine what substances are acceptable for drain disposal. Any substance from a laboratory should be flushed with at least 100 times its own volume of tap water. Acids and bases should be at least above pH 3 and below pH 8 before being placed in a sanitary drain.
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Global Bio Succinic Acid Market published at Truemarketresearch.com The U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) considers succinic acid as one among the top twelve chemical building blocks. Succinic acid‚ as a platform chemical‚ is growing in demand in various applications. However‚ consumption of petroleum based succinic acid‚ as an intermediate‚ in manufacturing various chemicals‚ is limited due to its volatility of price and carbon footprints. These concerns led to the discovery of biological manufacturing
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Introduction to Alkane Nomenclature A. Determining the Priority of Functional Groups. What’s in a name? 3-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)-4‚4-dimethylnonane Too big a subject to cover on one sheet! This paper will focus on alkanes. Determining functional group priority will be the subject of a subsequent sheet. suffix http://masterorganicchemistry.com D. Applying the Lowest Locator Rule F. Dealing With Branched Substituents (the IUPAC Way) Number the chain from one end so as
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Acid rain is any type of precipitation that has high acid content. This precipitation can be wet (rain‚ snow‚ or fog) or dry (gases or acidic salts). Normal rain is slightly acidic with pH 6.5 but we call it acid rain when it is pH is between 2 and 5.5. It is formed by chemicals created by the burning of fossil fuels‚ power plants‚ factories and auto mobiles. These chemicals are sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide. Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide react with water in the atmosphere and eventually fall
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Acid rain is a very big pollution problem in the world. It has killed fish and other aquatic life in many lakes and streams. It harms human health‚ disfigures monuments and erodes buildings‚ and‚ along with other pollutants‚ threatens forests. The story of acid rain can be compared to the plot of a science fiction movie. In the 1950s an invisible force begins to destroy lakes and rivers‚ killing trout and salmon. By the 1960s it is harming the waters of eastern Canada and the northeastern United
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How to Reduce Lactic Acid Build up in Muscles Understanding Lactic AcidReducing Lactic Acid During a WorkoutReducing Lactic Acid Through Your Diet Edited by LC108‚ BR‚ Jacob‚ Vahab2121 and 5 others Lactic acid is released into the muscles when they have used up their normal energy stores but still have intense energy needs. Small amounts of lactic acid operate as a temporary energy source‚ thus helping you avoid fatigue during a workout. However‚ a build up of lactic acid during a workout can
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particularly fruit flavors -- have just one or a few dominant chemical components that carry the bulk of the taste/smell signal. Many of these chemicals are called esters. Esters have the structure of -COOR. Instead of the alcohol portion of thecarboxylic acid (-COOH)‚ there is an ether portion. The low boiling‚ volatile esters are known for their "fruity" smell and flavor. They are used in artificial flavorings. (Operational Organic Chemistry‚ John W. Lehman‚ Third Edition‚ Prentice Hall‚ 1999). The preparation
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acid rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals‚ and infrastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years‚ many governments have introduced laws to reduce these emissions. Emissions from volcanoes and those from biological processes that occur on the land‚ in wetlands‚ and in the oceans account for the
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Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid ____________________________________________________________ _______________ Purpose: Salicylic acid is converted to the liquid ethyl salicylate by addition of ethanol. Yields of salicylic acid (week 1) and ethyl salicylate will be found‚ as well as the overall yield of the 2-step conversion of acetyl salicylic acid to ethyl salicylate. Introduction: Esters are formed from the reaction of acids and alcohols: O O
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