Fischer esterification of 1-butanol and acetic acid to form water and n-butyl acetate‚ and to confirm the esterification using IR spectroscopy analysis. It was found that 0.734 grams of n-butyl acetate was formed with a percent yield of 61%. The product was confirmed using IR spectroscopy and boiling point confirmation. The reaction mechanism for this specific reaction was as follows: First the protonation of a carbonyl oxygen activates the carboxylic acid towards nucleophillic attack by the alcohol
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between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The carboxylic acid group loses an OH group‚ and the alcohol loses and H. For instance‚ the reaction between methanoic acid and methanol is shown below COOH+CH_3 OH →CHOOCH_3+H_2 O Purpose The purpose of this investigation is to verify the smell of esters Method Place 250 mL of deionized water in a 500 mL. Heat this water until it boils. Turn off the heat source after boiling Follow the chart below for the following steps Ester # Acid Alcohol 1
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Carbon and Its Compounds Carbon: Introduction Atomic Number: 6 Electronic Configuration: 2‚ 4. Valence electrons: 4 Property: Non-metal Abundance:- Carbon is the 4th most abundant substance in universe and 15th most abundant substance in the earth’s crust. Compounds having carbon atoms among the components are known as carbon compounds. Previously‚ carbon compounds could only be obtained from a living source; hence they are also known as organic compounds. Bonding In Carbon:- The Covalent
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causes distinguishable flavors or odors of some fruits. It can be synthesized by Fischer reaction‚ which is an acid-catalyzed reaction of an alcohol and carboxylic acid. One of the esters known for its characteristic banana flavor is the isoamyl acetate. By using Fischer reaction‚ Isoamyl acetate was produced by refluxing isoamyl alchol and acetic anhydride with the presence of sulfuric acid for 30 minutes. After cooling the mixture‚ cold water was added and it was transferred in a separatory funnel
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covalent bond b) polar covalent bond c) ionic bond d) London forces e) hydrogen bond 5. How many electrons are involved in each covalent bond? a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6 e) 8 6. An amino acid always has an amino group‚ as its name suggests. What other group is also present in all amino acids? a) a methyl group b) a carboxyl group c) an aldehyde group d) a hydroxyl group e) a carbonyl group 7. The following structural formula is representative of which functional group? a) sulfhydryl
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acetylsalicylic acid by esterification. Introduction: A pleasant‚ often fruity‚ odor is characteristic of some of the simpler esters. Ethyl butyrate smells similar to pineapples‚ the odor of n-propyl acetate is reminiscent of pears and isopentyl acetate has a strong banana fragrance. Esters are derivatives of the carboxylic acids and contain the following functional group: The synthesis of an ester can be accomplished in one of several ways. An esterification occurs when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid are
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(shown in the blue and red rings‚ a free carboxyl acid group (shown in red bottom right Figure1.1)‚ and one or more substituted amino acid side chains (shown in black). The lactam structure can also be viewed as the covalent bonding of pieces of two amino acids - cysteine (blue) and valine (red). Fig. 1.1: Penicillin – Beta Lactam Structure In terms of functional groups‚ the penicillin has 4 different functional groups: namely‚ carboxylic group‚ amide group‚ methyl group‚ and thioether group
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hydrochloric acid will be effected if we change the concentration of hydrochloric acid. Introduction In the experiment the magnesium reacts with the hydrochloric acid to create magnesium chloride and hydrogen. The balanced formula for this is: Mg(s) + 2HCL(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Magnesium + hydrochloric acid Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid‚ because it is higher in the reactivity series than hydrogen. The magnesium displaces the hydrogen in the acid‚ so it forms
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Unit 7 A2 applied science Planning and carrying out a scientific investigation Mr Miller In this unit you will learn about: • The stages involved in planning a practical investigation; • How to conduct a practical investigation; • How to record‚ process‚ evaluate and draw conclusions from the data obtained from the practical investigation; • Presenting your practical investigation to a client. Your investigation • You will be investigating the effects of bile ‚ a substance formed in the
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1. Omega 3 fatty acids and Alzheimer’s disease Omega 3 fatty acids and Alzheimer’s disease how do they relate to one another? I have found in my research that omega 3 has been proven to show a delay in the process of Alzheimer’s disease and also has many other health benefits. This is my findings in doing my research. Although no one knows what causes Alzheimer ’s disease‚ many research studies indicate that those who regularly eat fatty fish or who supplement with fish oil have a lower
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