by : Directorate of Education‚ Delhi SOME IMPORTANT REASONING BASED QUESTIONS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. Chlorobenzene is less reactive than chloromethane. Ans. In chlorobenzene‚ each carbon atom of benzenering is sp2 hyridised and is electron withdrawing. Chlorine atom donates a lone pair of electron and acquire positive charge. The negative charge is delocalised on ortho and para position by resonance. C-Cl bond acquires partial double bond character and is 169 pm as compared to 17.0 pm in chloromethane
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Abstract In the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-Ibuprofen‚ the compound is synthesized in nonracemic form directly from an achiral precursor. First‚ racemic ibuprofen was converted to aN achiral ketene via the acid chloride by adding thionyl chloride followed by triethylamine. Then‚ ketene was reacted with a chiral and nonracemic (S)-ethyl lactate produces a mixture of diasteromeric esters of ibuprofen derivatives where (S) configuration is predominantly. Finally‚ hydrolysis of the ester then provides
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primary standard to analyze acid and base solutions Acid-base titration Lab 13G Jake Shewchuk Lab 13C Dominique Genereux Purpose 13G: 1. To prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid and use it to standardize an unknown sodium hydroxide solution. Purpose 13C: 1. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “unknown” concentration with standardized 0.5M sodium hydroxide. 2. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “known” concentration
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An Experiment to find the Concentration of a Sample of Acid Rain Plan Aim When a metal is extracted from its ore often sulphur dioxide is produced. When sulphur dioxide is dissolved in water it forms a strong acid called sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid is often sold as a useful by-product‚ but also gets into the water cycle and forms acid rain. In this experiment‚ I have been given a sample acid rain of concentration between 0.05 mol dm-3 and 0.15 mol dm-3 and my aim is to find out exactly what
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Flavonoid profile of methanol extract M. concanensis seeds 4.2.3.1 C) HPTLC Phenol profile of M. concanensis Nimmo. HPTLC finger printing of M. concanensis was done by using selected solvent system Chloroform: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (50%:40%:10%v/v) for leaf‚ flower and seed extracts‚ visualized under UV 254 and 366 nm showed more components. The Rf values and chromatogram in the methanol extract of leaf‚ flower and the seed was presented in the Table-8. In general‚ more degree
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linkage. They are derived by reacting an oxo acid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group‚ and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is‚ esters are formed by condensing an acid with an alcohol. Esters are ubiquitous. Most naturally occurring fats and oils are the fatty acid esters of glycerol. Esters with low molecular
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Aldehydes‚ Ketones and Saccharides Aldehydes – contains a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain. – RCOH Ketones – contains a carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain. – RCOR * 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Test - Test for Carbonyl group * Sodium Bisulfate Test- Test for Aldehydes and Methy Ketones * White precipitate * Ketones with more than 2 carbon – non-reactive * Ketones with 2 carbons – slightly reactive * Schiff’s
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Test Copper wire + Flame No Green flame No presence of Halogen Silver Nitrate Test Heat + AgNO3 No white precipitate No presence of Halogen Test for Sulfur Diluted Acetic Acid + Lead Acetate + Heat No brown precipitate formed No presence of Sulfur Table 6.5Qualitative Tests for Functional Group Test for Alcohol: Chromic Acid Test Sample Treatment Observation Inference Unknown Sample 5% K2CrO7 + 5% H2SO4 + Heat No color change Not an alcohol Test for Tertiary Alcohol: Lucas Test Sample Treatment
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used in artificial flavorings. Carboxylic esters help amplify the sensory effect of esters. Isopentyl acetate is made from the direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. The direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol is an equilibrium reaction that shifts the product to the side by using the excess of one of the starting reagents. Acetic acid usually used in excess because it is easier to remove from the reaction. The excess acetic acid and the remaining isopentyl alcohol
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Abstract Fisher Reaction is a special type of esterification that uses an acid catalyst to reflux Carboxylic acid and Alcohol. The product Ester is in equilibrium to the reactants acid and alcohol. Ester is responsible for the smell and aroma of different fruits. After using the Fisher reaction‚ a combination of techniques is used to separate the product. Introduction Esters are naturally occurring compounds that possess a distinctive odor. It is responsible for the smell of different fruits
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