Hydrocarbons Jessa Grace B. Castillo* and Stephanie Chua Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines ______________________________________________ Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbons and further divided in major types. Hydrocarbons react differently in reagents. The basis of determining an unknown hydrocarbon is due to the differences in reactions of hydrocarbons. An unknown compound is determined using tests. The unknown gives
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2.2 2.3 Shapes of molecules and ions 2.3a Electron pair repulsion theory a demonstrate an understanding of the use of electron-pair repulsion theory to interpret and predict the shapes of simple molecules and ions In a chemical species like a molecule or ion‚ pairs of electrons create negative centres that surround the central atom. These electron pairs repel each other and arrange themselves to be as far apart as possible‚ thus minimising repulsion. [pic](source: http://www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Geometry/VSEPR/Geom02
Free Chemical bond Covalent bond Atom
alkenes‚ alkynes‚ and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of their relatively non-polarity‚ all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. When hydrocarbons burn in sufficient oxygen‚ carbon dioxide and water are the sole products. The main structural difference among hydrocarbon families is the presence of double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. The alkanes are saturated organic compounds‚ or those with only single bonds. Unsaturated organic compounds are those which have double or triple bonds. [1] Many
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have the maximum number of single bonds. 4. It should have the maximum length. 2. Identification of the parent functional group‚ if any‚ with the highest order of precedence. 3. Identification of the side-chains. Side chains are the carbon chains that are not in the parent chain‚ but are branched off from it. 4. Identification of the remaining functional groups‚ if any‚ and naming them by the their ion names (such as hydroxy for -OH‚ oxy for =O‚ oxyalkane for O-R‚ etc.).
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BOILING POINTS AND MELTING POINTS PART 2 Name: Grethel Zegarra Date of Lab: October 26‚ 2010 Date lab is due: November 2‚ 2010 HYPOTHESIS The boiling point in degrees Celsius will increase as the number of carbon atoms increase. The melting point of the unknown will indicate its mixed substances. The boiling point will increase as a result of the different branching of the OH‚ the melting point will be affected by the different positioning of the OH on the benzene ring. PURPOSE To introduce
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Lab 6: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution(1) Nitration of Methyl Benzoate(2) Synthesis of 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene byFriedel-Crafts Alkylation of 1‚4-DimethoxybenzenePurpose1)To carry out the nitration of methyl benzoate‚ and then identify the major product formed (position at which nitro-group substitution takes place) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)‚ the percent yield and the melting point range. 2)To synthesize 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of
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humans have on this park did not cause the issue with the water lose‚ but there is a negative effect to the park due to pollution from garbage‚ car exhaust‚ and the natural waste of the ecosystem. Cars diving around create food for plants to turn the carbon waste in to air‚ but there is also the fact of the car that leaks oil or gas on the ground and making a chemical waste pollution. This waste can be very damaging to an ecosystem to the point that it can kill the wildlife‚ plant life‚ and even hurt
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4th form Chemistry questionnaire 1. All of the following structures show the same molecule‚ except one. Which structure is different? H H H H A) H -- C -- C -- C --- C -- H B) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 H H H H H H -- C -- H CH3 C) H H D)
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Synthesis of Salicylic Acid Experimental Data: 1. Mass of methyl salicylate used: 0.232 g 2. Theoretical yield of salicylic acid: 0.211 g 3. Volume H2SO4 added‚ with units (drops or mL): 3mL 4. Mass of crude salicylic acid obtained: 0.250 g 5. Volume of water used as recrystallizing solvent: 2 mL 6. Mass of purified salicylic acid: 0.134 g 7. Percent yield of purified salicylic acid from reaction: 63.5% 8. Melting point of purified product: 158-160 oC 9. Name of NMR solvent used and
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We are “star stuff”. Discuss in detail our connections to the stars as established by modern astronomy. Modern astronomy has allowed us to understand how the universe functions and also provides the answers to some of the big questions. Questions like the origin of the universe and origin of life itself. It tells us that stars are the cosmic furnaces where all most all the building blocks of life and planets were synthesized. Lighter‚ basic and abundant elements like hydrogen and helium
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