However‚ every income is taxable under income tax law‚ whether it is received in cash or in kind‚ whether it is capital or revenue income‚ but still some incomes are given exemption from tax. In this lesson we will study those incomes which are exempt from tax. Here are some of the important items of income‚ which are fully exempt from income tax and which can be utilised by a resident individual Indian assessee for the purpose of tax planning. ➢ AGRICULTURAL INCOME: Under the
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The gain on sale of a capital asset is called capital gain. This gain is not a regular income like salary‚ or house rent. It is a one-time gain; in other words the capital gain is not recurring‚ i.e.‚ not occur again and again periodically. Opposite of gain is called loss; therefore‚ there can be a loss under the head capital gain. We are not using the term capital loss‚ as it is incorrect. Capital Loss means the loss on account of destruction or damage of capital asset. Thus‚ whenever
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NATIONAL INCOME Definition: According to Alfred Marshall‚ National Income is the labour and Capital of a country‚ acting on its natural resources‚ produced annually a certain net aggregate of commodities and in materials including services of all kinds. This is the net annual income or revenue of the country or the true national dividend. According to A.C.Pigou “ The national income dividend is that part of the objective income of the community‚ including‚ the income derived from aboard
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NATIONAL INCOME:- What is National Income? National Income is the sum that is total money value of all the goods and services produced in one accounting year. So when we talk about goods and services we are only talking about the final goods and services and not the semi processed‚ when we take the money value of all the goods and services produced within the domestic boundary on India only and to not other countries. CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL INCOME IN TERMS OF MARKET PRICE:- 1) Gross Domestic
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Importance of National Income Statistics There are several important uses of national income statistics and‚ therefore‚ there is great need for their regular preparation. National income estimates provide not only a single figure showing the national income‚ but also supply the detailed figures in regard to the various components of the national income. It is both the figure of national income and the details regarding its various constituents that throw light on the functioning and performance
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“Family Income” Wage- Is the money amount receive daily for rendering service. Received by unskilled semiskilled‚ and skilled workers or blue-collar workers. A salary is the amount of money received monthly by professionals or white-collar workers. IN ADDITION TO WAGES OR SALARIES‚ SOME FAMILIES HAVE OTHER SOURCE OF INCOME THIS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 1. Dividends from investments in bonds & stock. 2. Gifts from relatives & friends. 3. Inheritance. 4. Rentals from apartments
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Assessable income=ordinary income + statutory income. Ordinary income: income deriving from the courts (s6-5) Negative propositions: items that are not income by ordinary concepts: 1.Amounts not convertible into money :In Tennant v Smith (1892) free accommodation provided to a bank manager was held not to be ordinary income because building could not be sub-let and the benefit thereby converted to money. In FCT v Cooke & Sherden (1980) an incentive prize offered by a manufacturer was not income of the
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INCOME CONCEPTS The Purpose of Income Reporting Income is used… 1 As the basis of one of the principal forms of taxation. 2 In public reports as a measure of the success of a corporation’s operations. 3 As a criterion for the determination of the availability of dividends. 4 By rate-regulating authorities for investigating whether those rates are fair and reasonable. 5 As a guide to trustees charged with distributing income to a life tenant while preserving the principal for a remainder man
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Income Elasticity of Demand Income elasticity of demand may be defined as the ratio or proportionate change in the quantity demanded of a commodity to a given proportionate change in the income. In short‚ it indicates the extent to which demand changes with a variation in consumer’s income. Practical application of income elasticity of demand 1. Helps in determining the rate of growth of the firm. If the growth rate of the economy and income growth of the people is reasonably forecasted‚ in that
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Introduction The income smoothing literature has been the centre of attention in the accounting world for the past few decades. When companies experience economic turbulence due to a poor performance year‚ they turn to the accounting management department to resolve the bottom line. A strategy that managers can approach is changing the true information content of the company. As a result this has led managers to resort to smoothing their income. Many questions have been raised whether or not it
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