steam distillation we can isolate eugenol at lower temperature than its usual boiling point of 248 degree Celsius. Eugenol belongs to a category called essential oil. Many of these compounds are used as flavoring and perfumes and in the past were considered the essence of plant from which they were derived. Structure of eugenol (clove oil) and eugenol acetate: Reagents: Eugenol‚ CH2Cl2‚ Br2‚ FeCl3‚ Methanol Procedure: Co-distillation We first combine 15 mL of water with 1 g of crushed
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MUSK Hair Oil Prepared by: Kunal Delwadia Date: 24th September 2013 MUSK Hair Oil Oil of pride Hair oil is a hair care product specifically intended to keep the moisture balance of the hair‚ as moisture is lost due to strong shampoos and harsh chemicals in water. It can also be considered as conditioner to make the hair soft and pliable. Hair oil can come from natural products such as coconut oil‚ fruit extracts‚ milk‚ lemon oil‚ rosemary oil and others. Modern hair oils contain fragrances
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ISIS and the Oil Industry The oil industry became a key source of revenue for ISIS following the 2003 onset of the Iraqi insurgency. In 2007‚ AQI was making roughly 100-200 million dollars per year from oil smuggling‚ with much of the smuggled product stolen from the Bayji refinery. In 2008‚ AQI made 50-100 thousand dollars or 18.25-36.5 million per annum through its Bayji rackets. AQI operatives were also known to drill holes in oil pipelines‚ syphon the oil into trucks‚ and sell it to various
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Oil Crisis and its impact The international oil prices have a direct impact on the Indian economy as the country imports 80 percent of its crude requirements. A rise in global oil prices by $ 10 per barrel would reduce India’s economic growth by 0.2 percentage points and also affect the country’s current account deficit. India imports three quarters of its annual oil and gas requirements‚ with the Middle East and North Africa regions contributing to a substantial chunk of it. India’s import bills
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Hybrid oil palms bear fruit in western Kenya | FAO project improves incomes and diets‚ and may reduce imports of food oil | 24 November 2003‚ Rome — A cold-tolerant‚ high-yielding oil palm being promoted by FAO in western Kenya could be a boon to small-scale farmers and industrial producers alike‚ increasing incomes improving diets‚ reducing imports of food oil and providing much-needed crop diversification for local sugar growers.Until the FAO project‚ which began in 1993‚ the only oil palm
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that there is an impending oil crisis. Develop arguments that we are not likely to run out of oil anytime soon." (It is possible that such arguments also may need to take account of concerns that we are likely to run out of oil sometime soon.) It is hard to imagine the world without oil however there are groups‚ societies‚ governments and people all over the world that believe that the end of the oil era is approaching. The truth is that society has no idea of how much oil remains in the reserves
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OF OLIVE OIL INTRODUCTION Olive oil is a pale yellow to greenish oil extracted from the fruit of the European olive tree (Olea europaea L.)‚ which originated in the Mediterranean area. The olive is originally native to the eastern Mediterranean region but the cultivated form is now grown throughout that area and in other parts of the world with Mediterranean-type climates. It hardens at refrigerator temperatures - around 10 degrees F. Today a market certainly exists for olive oil‚ since the
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have two years of oil supply left. Once we run out of oil‚ we will only go downhill from there‚ so we have to act now and fast. The United States have disappointed us as a country in several ways. They have established the Immigration Quota Act‚ which has restricted our immigration to the United States. They have also frozen our assets and bank accounts. Now‚ we are not able to use our money. This incident has delayed us in our finances. The United States have also enforced an oil embargo on us. The
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What happens when oil does peak? by Joel Bainerman Peak oil is often referred to as "Hubberts Peak"‚ a geophysicist who observed that oil well production followed a bell curve. According to the mainstream‚ convention view‚ peak oil is set to occur around 2006-2008. When peak oil occurs‚ production will decline approximately 3% per year at a time where global demand is increasing at 3% per year. What will all this mean for you and me- the average folk? Which industries will suffer the most- and
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Oil is a product used by everyone‚ but sometimes oil is a problem. An oil spill is a leakage from an oceangoing tanker‚ pipelines‚ or other oil sources. Oil spills occur very frequently‚ and cause enormous ecological harm. About eight million barrels of oil are spilled each year. Tankers usually carry about five hundred million barrels of oil. Many oil spills‚ large in land or ocean coverage‚ have had major impacts on the earth and it’s inhabitants. Many animals die and some are injured in some way
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