the certified tumor registrar (CTR). A cancer registry is a compilation of all cancer related data on all cancer patients‚ including their demographics‚ medical histories‚ diagnostic findings‚ and follow up assessments. This information provides health care professionals with the necessary data and tools to successfully develop‚ implement‚ assess and evaluate current and future treatments and therapies for the overall goal of preventing and controlling cancer (NCRA‚ 2002). The registry is also a key
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STAGES OF CERVICAL CANCER. The process used to find out if cancer has spread within the cervix or to other parts of the body is called staging and the information gathered from the staging process determines the stage of the disease. It is important to know the stage in order to plan treatment. The following tests and procedures may be used in the staging process: CT scan‚ Positron emission tomography scan‚ Magnetic resonance imaging‚ Ultrasound exam‚ Chest X-ray‚ Cystoscopy ‚ Laparoscopy‚ and Pretreatment
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to agents that cause their transformation to cancer cells. These agents are termed as “carcinogenic”. Another theory of how cancer develops states that the body itself produces abnormal cells. Normally‚ these abnormal cells are destroyed by immune system. In cases of immunologic deficiency‚ the immune system fails to destroy the abnormal cells which eventually become the cancer cells (Udan‚ 2002). According to Reyes & Layug (2009)‚ breast cancer is an unregulated growth of abnormal cells in
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contributing to the causes of the cancer disease. Taking a closer look at skin cancer for instance‚ we see how much of the effects of the sun’s dangerous UV rays can harm our bodies. What constitutes an environmental cause of cancer? When we talk about environmental causes of cancer‚ we are referring to the effects of environmental exposures or conditions that have direct or indirect effect on the origin or formation of the cancer disease in each individual’s body. Cancer develops over several years
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TRIXIE 1. A 25 year old patient is inquiring about the methods or ways to detect cancer Wearlier. The nurse least likely identify this method by stating: A. Annual chest x-ray. B. Annual Pap smear for sexually active women only. C. Annual digital rectal examination for persons over age 40. D. Yearly physical and blood examination 2. The removal of entire breast‚ pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes which is followed by skin grafting is a procedure called: A. Simple mastectomy
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CANCER : CAUSES AND WAYS TO OVERCOME Introduction * Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues (Source: Cancer Free‚ Philip Bashe‚ Simon & Schuster‚ 1994). * Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems (Source: Cancer Free‚ Philip Bashe‚ Simon & Schuster‚ 1994). * There are many types of cancers such as prostate cancer‚ breast cancer‚ lung cancer‚ stomach
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BIOLOGY Cell Biology and Cancer “ We now understand a lot about cancer. We know that it results from a series of genetic changes having to do with cell division and growth control and genetic instability‚ mortality‚ the suicide mechanism in cells; the ability of the cells to migrate; the ability of the cells to attract to them a blood supply. And so that’s pretty profound that in a few sentences one can summarize a sophisticated‚ fundamental understanding of what a cancer is.” LELAND HARTWELL Molecular
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JAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING ORIGINAL RESEARCH Symptom clusters and experiences of patients with cancer ¨ ¨ Neziha Karabulu‚ Behice Erci‚ Nadiye Ozer & Sureyya Ozdemir ¨ Accepted for publication 11 December 2009 Correspondence to B. Erci: e-mail: behiceerci@hotmail.com Neziha Karabulu PhD Assistant Professor Surgical Nursing Department‚ School of Nursing‚ Ataturk University‚ Erzurum‚ ¨ Turkey Behice Erci PhD RN Professor Department of Public Health Nursing‚ School of
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Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. X-rays‚ gamma rays‚ and charged particles are types of radiation used for cancer treatment. The radiation may be delivered by a machine outside the body called a linear accelerator to focus x-rays directly on the tumor or tumor bed (external-beam radiation therapy)‚ or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy‚ also called brachytherapy). Systemic
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Cancer Right now‚ cancer is one of the most feared diseases in the world. In the early 1990s almost 6 million new cancer cases developed and more than 4 million deaths from cancers occurred. Also more than one-fifth of all deaths were caused by cancer and it has been predicted‚ by the American Cancer Society‚ that about 33% of Americans will eventually develop this disease. This is a huge disease that is killing people all over the world. The field of cancer study is called Oncology. The government
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