6.1 Outline – pg. 120-126 Brief - Islam was the first global civilization taking its roots in the Arabian Peninsula - It was spread by merchants‚ wandering mystics‚ and warriors across Africa‚ Asia‚ and Southern Europe - After its birth in the 7th century‚ Islamic civilization provided key links and channels for exchange among Mediterranean‚ Asian‚ and African cultures - Muslim works of philosophy‚ literature‚ mathematics‚ and the sciences elevated the Arabic language to the language of
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Abu Ja’far al-Mansur the second Abbasid caliph served replace his brother Abul Abbas As-Saffah. Abu Ja’far Al-Mansur was the son of Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib who also siblings and Ibrahim Al-Imam Abul Abbas As-Saffah. All three are founders of the Abbasids. Ketikah Caliph Abul Abbas As-Saffah died‚ Abu Ja’far being pilgrimage Great Commander Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani. The first by Caliph Abu Ja’far al-Mansur became caliph after taking office on 136 H/754 M is a set
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are nominated to serve in Muhammad’s position. Abu Bakr is selected but the minority that voted for Ali became known as Shiat Ali. In 656‚ Abu Bakr was assassinated making Ali the 4th caliph thus creating the spilt beliefs in the Muslim religion. The group of Ali supporters believe Ali should be known as the 4th caliph‚ while Abu Bakr‚ Umar‚ and Uthman are the 1st‚ 2nd‚ and 3rd. On the other hand the Shi’a Muslims believe Ali is the 1st since the caliphate should only be someone of direct descendant
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forces but are embraced by Muhammad and become a powerful Muslim clan that will lead the faith after Muhammad. After the first three caliphs‚ The followers of Ali will split away from the faith and form the Shiites (who think caliphs should be related to Muhammad) and the Umayyads will lead the remaining vast majority of Muslims (the Sunnis) who believe the caliphs should be chosen from among all Muslims. Umayyads will conquer much of North Africa‚ the Middle East‚ South Asia‚ and parts of Western
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For the next 15 years‚ Muhammad made his living as a merchant. Although he enjoyed success in business‚ he also cared about spiritual matter. He often spent time at prayer and meditation in the mountains around Makkah. He was concerned about the effects of wealth and the worship of idols on his city. In about 610 C.E‚ Muhammad went to meditate in a cave in the mountains. There‚ according to Islamic teaching‚ Muhammad received the call to be a prophet‚ or messenger of Allah. Allah is the Arabic
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Abbasid Caliphate Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258‚ eventually becoming little more than figureheads Al-Andalus Arabic name for Spain (literally "land of the Vandals")‚ most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early 8th century C.E. Anatolia Ancient name of Asia Minor‚ part of Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that’s now the Republic of Turkey Battle of Talas River Arab victory over the Chinese in
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scripture) says that Muhammad predicted‚ after his death‚ the community split into 73 sects‚ but only one of them will be saved. He was right: the ummah to remain together for long. Enormous prestige first caliph - Abu Bakr and iron will second caliph - Umar while Muslims held together‚ but in the third caliph - Usman Ibn al-Affan in the Islamic world‚ a rift. The word "cult" in the light of Christian culture has a distinct negative connotation. Deviations from orthodox - correctly - is a dangerous road
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two factions. Term Definition Connection Caliph Imams Sufi Moors Sultan Expansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar Use the graphic organizer to take notes on the following Caliphs Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali Mu’awiyah How did Abu Bakr and Umar contribute to the success of Islam after the death of Muhammad? Why did many conquered people choose not to resist Muslim expansion? What areas did the early caliphs conquer?
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When Muhammad died‚ Abu Bakr was elected caliph. The three successors to Abu were elected in a similar fashion. The second caliph‚ Umar I‚ founded the early doctrines of political administration in the conquered populations. They did not force the Islamic religion upon their conquered peoples‚ so the hierarchy of the conqueror and the conquered stayed distinct. This incompetence of power led to a long series of civil wars in the Middle East. The next caliph elected was Ali‚ even though there was much
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There were many different campaigns built in different areas. For example‚ there was Mecca‚ Jerusalem‚ Cairo‚ Baghdad‚ Saragossa‚ and many more. There were territories added by the first four caliphs and the Umayyad caliphs as Doc. C says. Document C shows how Islam spread so fast because when the caliphs would build territories at certain places‚ they would talk about Islam. The last reason why Islam spread so fast was through political order. There was something called the Ordinances of Government
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