IT433 Data Warehousing and Data Mining — Data Preprocessing — 1 Data Preprocessing • Why preprocess the data? • Descriptive data summarization • Data cleaning • Data integration and transformation • Data reduction • Discretization and concept hierarchy generation • Summary 2 Why Data Preprocessing? • Data in the real world is dirty – incomplete: lacking attribute values‚ lacking certain attributes of interest‚ or containing only aggregate data • e.g.‚ occupation=“ ”
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often forget our priority in our life while we are doing our job. Priority is important for our lives‚ which keep us to maintain the relationship with family members‚ religious faith‚ personal time‚ and culture. The journal named‚ "How Will You Measure Your Life?" in Harvard Business Review‚ which is written by Dr. Clayton Christensen‚ alert about unclear positioning priorities between our jobs and our personal lives. The article mainly emphasized on creating a strategy‚ building a purpose‚ allocating
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RISK How does we Measure Risk? Understanding the nature of the risk is not adequate unless the investor or analyst is capable of expressing it in some quantitative terms. Expressing the risk of a stock in quantitative terms makes it comparable with other stocks. Measurement cannot be assures of percent accuracy because risk is caused by numerous factors as discussed above. Measurement provides an approximate quantification of risk. The statistical tool often used to measure is the standard deviation
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These amenities are also known as welfare measures‚ which are provided by the labours to the workers. This would include both the statutory welfare measures as well as the non-statutory welfare measures. The welfare amenities prove beneficial to the labour as well. For the labour such amenities will improve the labour’s motivation level‚ thus improving the industrial relations and promoting goodwill in the organization. Thus the welfare measures play an important role in improving the productivity
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How to Calculate External Financing By an eHow Contributor Calculating the amount of financing required is one of the greatest challenges that corporate managers face. Capital markets are extremely complex‚ and it can be difficult to determine how much‚ if any‚ external financing to raise. The amount of external financing your company needs will depend upon the operating budget for your business as well as the company’s current capital resources. Determining how much external financing to raise
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The history of the intravenous therapy is less than a century old. Yet‚ it is well known that medication could be injected directly into the vein as early as the 1600’s‚ because of the lack of scientific methods‚ original attempts to deliver IV fluids and drugs met with little success. Two world wars brought in the era of modern IV therapy. However‚ the greatest advance in drugs‚ equipment‚ and procedures has occurred in the past 25 years. The first intravenous injections were experimented with in
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Psychological Measure Evelyn Calderon‚ Charlene Pallas‚ Jasmine Perkins-Troutman‚ Ashley Stringer-Franco PSY/475 Psychological Tests and Measurements September 17‚ 2012 Glenn Leighbody Psychological Measure Team B examines the aspects of psychological tests and measurements by focusing on the Beck Depression Inventory. Examining the two articles over the Beck Depression Inventory aids Team B in deciding services‚ servers‚ and backgrounds of the measure. The psychological testing that has
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and the chi-square distribution) may be seen as special cases of the F distribution: (3) Example: We want to measure the monthly sales volume from Microsoft and Apple. We collect data for a year ( 12 months). We calculate the variance for both and define the “degrees of freedom’ (n-1= 11) and then we can build the F-distribution. F statistic (): Defined as the ratio of the dispersions of the two distributions‚ in other words it is the value calculated by the ratio of two sample variances . F
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Chapter 3 Data Description 3-1 Measures of Central Tendency ( page 3-3) Measures found using data values from the entire population are called: parameter Measures found using data values from samples are called: statistic A parameter is a characteristic or measure obtained using data values from a specific population. A statistic is a characteristic or measure obtained using data values from a specific sample. The Measures of Central Tendency are: • The Mean • The
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Research Paper: Measure for Measure Shakespeare ’s Measure for Measure centers around the fate of Claudio‚ who is arrested by Lord Angelo‚ the temporary leader of Vienna. Angelo is left in charge by the Duke‚ who pretends to leave town but instead dresses as a friar to observe the goings-on in his absence. Angelo is strict‚ moralistic‚ and unwavering in his decision-making; he decides that there is too much freedom in Vienna and takes it upon himself to rid the city of brothels and unlawful sexual
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