Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to derive Isopentyl acetate (banana oil) from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in a process called Fischer esterification (Fischer-Speier esterification). The name‚ banana oil‚ is due to banana odour released by formation of Isopentyl acetate. The alcohol and the carboxylic acid used in this experiment are Isopentyl alcohol and Glacial Acetic Acid. Both the overall reaction of Fischer esterification and the specific Fischer esterification
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Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first prepared by treating lithium hydride (LiH) with aluminum chloride (AlCl3)
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1. Predict the molecular formula of an alkane with 13 carbon atoms. .................................................................................................................................. [Total 1 mark] 2. Bromobutane‚ CH3CH2CH2CH2Br‚ can be reacted with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to prepare butan-1-ol. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + OH– → CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + Br– A student reacted 8.72 g of bromobutane with an excess of OH–. The student produced 4.28 g of butan-1-ol. (i) Calculate the amount
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form a nitronium ion‚ which is the electrophile required for nitration. Finally‚ the nitronium ion is reacted with the protanated intermediate at the meta position. F 2. What would you expect the structure of the dinitro ester to be? Consider the directing effects of the ester and the first nitro group upon the addition of the second nitro
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Clear oil. Tint: light gold. | Figure 2: IR spectrum of recovered esterfication; isopentyl acetate. Relevent peak frequencies include formation of 1743.25 of ester formation. No large abundant peak of alcohol frequencies 3400-320 Discussion The unique pricnipal demonstrated in this chemical expiramnet was the acid catalyzed ester formation of isopentyl alcohol with excesss glacial acetic acid to drive formation of isopentyl acetate. The reaction was catalzed by two drops H2SO4 to protonate
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Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. H O H R O H Alcohols are usually classified as primary‚ secondary and tertiary. H R H OH H primary R R OH R R OH OH R secondary tertiary phenol Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly to an aromatic (benzene) ring are called phenols. Nomenclature of Alcohols (Normally any compound’s name which ends in –ol is an alcohol of some sort) IUPAC rules that:
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1. “On the breast of her gown‚ in fine red cloth‚ surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread‚ appeared the letter A. It was so artistically done‚ and with so much fertility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy‚ that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore; and which was of a splendor in accordance with the taste of the age‚ but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony” (Hawthorne 50).
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works by preventing the formation of prostaglandin. Prostaglandin is the active agent that is responsible for the sensitisation at the nerve endings. It can be administered orally‚ rectally or by intravenous route. (6) Benzene ring Carboxylic acid Ester Alkane Aspirin has a pKa of 3.49 and a melting point of 138-140 degrees Celsius. Aspirin molecule’s are insoluble in water that is why it must be sold in a solid form‚ there are no liquid forms of aspirin available. Aspirin is ionised in the stomach
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TEA Dr. B.L. Wedzicha of t h e Procter D e p a r t m e n t of Food Science‚ U n i v e r s i t y of Leeds‚ describes t h e c h e m i s t r y of black t e a manufacture Tea is the m o s t w i d e l y c o n s u m e d beverage in the w o r l d . The economic importance of an annual w o r l d production of tea estimated to be in the region of 1-1·5 million tonnes has resulted in considerable attention being paid to the understanding of the chemical and physical changes w h i c h take place during tea
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alkenes and alkynes brown color disappears Dinitrophenylhydrazine test aldehydes and ketones yellow to orange red precipitate Ferrox test any functional group containing oxygen reddish-purple color Hydroxamate test amides and esters red-purple color appears Iodoform test methyl ketones yellow precipitate Iron hydroxide test nitro groups red-brown precipitate Jones test 1o and 2o alcohols orange reagent turns blue-green Lucas test 2o‚ 3o‚ and
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