tested either with lead acetate or sodium nitroprusside. The presence of nitrogen was tested with ferrous ammonium sulfate and potassium fluoride. The presence of any halogen was tested by a flame test with copper wire and the identification of the exact halogen was done using silver nitrate. Careful experimentation was needed in order to avoid false positive and false negative results. Keywords: elemental analysis‚ oxygen‚ sulfur‚ nitrogen‚ halogens‚ sodium fusion‚ lead acetate‚ sodium nitroprusside
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-APPLICATION OF ENZYMES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Why enzymes in organic synthesis? | Alternative to chemical methods: * High region- and stereoselectivity * Milder reaction conditions * Environmentally more friendly | Which enzyme(s)? | OxidoreductasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerases | Which reaction system? | AqueousAqueous and water-miscible organic solventAqueous and water-immiscible organic solventPure organic solventOther solvents (supercritical fluids‚ ionic liquids) | Which ‘chemistry’
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and cover for the ignition test. The reagents used in this experiment are: copper nitrate‚ ethanol‚ ethanoic acid‚ diethyl ether‚ 5% HCl‚ concentrated sulphuric acid‚ litmus paper‚ acetic acid‚ sucrose‚ methylamine‚ benzoic acid‚ 5% NaOH‚ 15% HCl‚ butyl bromide‚ buteraldehyde‚ nitro phenol‚ propanone‚ 5% NaHCO3‚ and phenolphthalein. This experiment is quite simple but it requires proper handling of chemicals since the chemicals used are toxic. Moreover‚ this experiment requires proper observation
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carbocations that quickly combine with nucleophiles. This occurs much faster than the nuclephile attack of the substrate in Sn2 reactions because bulky methyl groups create steric hindrance and thus raise the activation energy for Sn2 reactions. Once formation of the carbocation
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As time proceeds you should see the formation of your product as a separate layer on top of the aqueous layer. After the 45 minutes of reflux‚ distill (simple distillation) the product (from ~60-95 0C) into a large test-tube until no more water-insoluble droplets are seen to collect in the
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acetylsalicylic acid? Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)‚ or more commonly known as aspirin‚ is a medication that can be used for pain‚ fevers‚ and inflammation. It can be used for long periods of time‚ in small amounts‚ to prevent heart attacks‚ strokes and the formation of blood clots. A heart attack victim can be given a low dose right after the ordeal to reduce the risk of another one. Side effects of this drug is ulcers‚ internal bleeding (stomach) and ringing in the ears. These mainly happen with higher doses
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Separating the Layers o Drying Agents o Part 1: The Technique of Neutral Liquid/Liquid Extraction The description is for dichloromethane-aqueous solution mixture‚ but you will use the same technique for your tert-butyl methyl ether-aqueous solution mixture. Note‚ however‚ that the ether is less dense than water‚ while dichloromethane is denser than water. o Part 2: Acid/Base Liquid/Liquid Extraction (p.147-150 middle) 2) THIS HANDOUT: Scheme of
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! " # $ # % " # & ’ $((() * * %+‚+% & & & $((( CHRA MANUAL 2nd EDITION TABLE OF CONTENT Page Chapter 1 : Introduction Chapter 2 : Concepts Chapter 3 : Steps in Assessment Chapter 4 : Deciding the Assessor Chapter 5 :Gather Information Chapter 6 : Divide into Work Units Chapter 7 : Determine Degree of Hazard Chapter 8 : Evaluate Exposure Chapter 9 : Control Measures Chapter 10 : Concluding The Assessment Chapter 11 : Action to be taken Chapter 12 : Record Keeping Chapter 13 : Review
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Glen Huang Period 9 Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Purpose: To prepare isopentyl acetate from isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid by the Fischer esterification reaction. Materials: West condenser‚ 250 mL round bottomed flask‚ two 250 mL flasks‚ heating mantle‚ boiling chips‚ graduated cylinder‚ sodium bicarbonate‚ isopentyl alcohol‚ glacial acetic acid‚ concentrated sulfuric acid‚ separatory funnel Procedure: 1. Place 50 mL of isopentyl alcohol in a 250 mL round bottom flask and add 60 mL
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and HNO3 the chloride ion solutions are used because silver nitrate is insoluble in HNO3. During the acetate anion test we had a positive result for solution D that proved the presence of the acetate ion. This reaction was from one drop of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1ml of ethanol and then required heating to excite the solution. Since ethyl acetate was produced we knew D contained the acetate anion‚ the fruity aroma produced after the solution was heated to release a gas proved this. This newly
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