CONTACT PROCESS Sulfuric acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals Outline three uses of sulfuric acid in industry 1. The major use of sulfuric acid in Australia is in the manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and superphosphate. Superphosphate is produced by reacting sulfuric acid with rock phosphate. Ammonium sulfate is produced by neutralising ammonia with sulfuric acid. 2. Production of titanium (IV) oxide from titanium minerals eg ilmenite. Titanium is an important
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Oxygen (1770s) [pic] British educator and philosopher Joseph Priestley (1733 – 1804) discovered oxygen in experiments‚ isolated the gas‚ and described its function in combustion and respiration. He also invented soda or carbonated water by dissolving fixed air with water. Unaware of the significance of his discoveries and because of his stubborn refusal to abandon the phlogiston theory‚ he named the new gas “dephlogisticated air.” However‚ it would be the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1743
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Hydrofluorination) of ethylene: ▪ ethylene + hydrogen fluoride [pic] fluoroethane ▪ C2H4 (g) + HFl (g) [pic]C2H5Fl (g) – Reaction of cyclohexene with bromine water: ▪ cyclohexene + bromine water[pic] 2-bromo-1-cyclohexane ▪ C6H10 (l) + Br2 (aq) [pic] C6H10Br2 (aq) – Reaction of cyclohexane with bromine water (subsitution reaction‚ only under sunlight‚ that is UV light): ▪ C6H12 (l) + Br2(aq) [pic]C6H11Br(aq) + HBr(aq) • Fermentation and combustion
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REVIEW a. I‚. • • C • • c. • C 3. The effective nuclear charge is a. equal to the suns of the charges of the protons in the nucleus b. equal to the suns of the charges of the protons in the nucleus minus the sum of the electrons in the Outer shell c. lest than tire sum of the charges of the protons in the nucleus due to shielding by the electrons in the outer shell d. lest than the sum of the charges of the protons in tire nucleus due to nisielding by the
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Chemistry 101 Chapter 4 Practice Test February 2013 1. A 20.0-g sample of HF is dissolved in water to give 2.0 102 mL of solution. The concentration of the solution is: a) 1.0 M b) 3.0 M c) 0.10 M d) 5.0 M e) 10.0 M Ans: d) 5.0 M Page: 4.3 2. Which of the following aqueous solutions contains the greatest number of ions? a) 400.0 mL of 0.10 M NaCl b) 300.0 mL of 0.10 M CaCl2 c) 200.0 mL of 0.10 M FeCl3 d) 200.0 mL of 0.10 M KBr e) 800.0 mL of 0.10 M sucrose ANS:
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Exercise 14: Qualitative Anion Tests PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to identify some commonly occurring anions & to study some of the reactions used for their identification. PROCEDURE: You must first determine to which of the three groups the various anions belong. Since no two people observe the same event in exactly the same way it is important to also conduct specific confirmation tests on the known samples of each anion. This information will help identify the anion
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Introduction Chemists often find a method to determine the level of “greenness” of a chemical reaction‚ or its “atom economy”. A higher atom economy is preferable because a greater amount of the reactants will be present in the product as opposed to the byproduct.1 A Suzuki reaction is classified as an organic‚ coupling reaction that includes boronic acid and a halide that are catalyzed by a palladium complex under basic conditions. Other palladium- catalyzed coupling mechanisms include the Heck
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1. The diagram below shows the electronic structure of boron. (a) The electrons are represented by arrows. What property of the electrons do these ‘up’ and ‘down’ arrows represent? ..................................................................................................................................... (1) (b) Suggest why electrons which occupy the 2p sub-levels have a higher energy than electrons in the 2s sub-level. .....................................................
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CHEM 1405 Name:_____________________ Exam # 1 (Chap. 1- 3) Score: PART I – Multiple choice : (3 points each) -------1. What is the term for the study of the composition and properties of matter? a. geology b. chemistry c. alchemy d. physics -------2. Express 10‚000 as a power of 10. a. 103 b. 10-5 c. 104 d. 105 -------3. How many significant digits are in 0.0250 cm3? a. 5 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 -------4
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PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS A solution is a mixture of materials‚ one of which is usually a fluid. A fluid is a material that flows‚ such as a liquid or a gas. The fluid of a solution is usually the solvent. The material other than the solvent is the solute. We say that we dissolve the solute into the solvent. Some solutions are so common to us that we give them a unique name. A solution of water and sugar is called syrup. A solution of sodium chloride (common table salt) in water is called brine
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