Edexel IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes IGCSE Chemistry Triple Award Revision Guide Topic Introduction to chemistry Atomic Structure Structure and Bonding – Ionic Bonding Structure and Bonding – Covalent and Metallic Bonding Organic Chemistry - Alkanes Organic Chemistry – Alkenes / Addition Polymerisation Organic Chemistry – Alcohols / Condensation Polymerisation Calculations Periodic Table Reactivity Series and Metal Extraction Electrolysis Energetics Acids‚ Bases‚ Salts and Neutralisation
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column are more similar than elements in the same horizontal row. Seventy five percent of the table is made up of metals‚ and a couple of the columns on the right of the table have gases. There are only two elements that are liquids- mercury and bromine. Column 1 contains the alkali metals‚ which suddenly combust when exposed to air or water. Columns 3-12 are the transition metals‚ which contain heavier atoms‚ which are more flexible in how they organize their electrons. Column 17 is made up of the
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chloride and sodium phenoxide and of benzyl benzoate from benzyl chloride and sodium benzoate with phase-transfer catalyst were studied in a heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction system using an agitated vessel with a flat interface. Tetrabutylammonium bromide and 1‚2-dichloroethane were used as a catalyst and a solvent‚ respectively. The behavior of the observed overall reaction rates was explained well by the proposed model. The overall reaction rates were proportional to the organic-phase interfacial
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Experiment 6: Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide Maria Alexandria Buraga Ammuyutan Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City 1101 Philippines ------------------------------------------------- Department of Food and Science Nutrition‚ College of Home Economics‚ Univeristy of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City 1101 Philippines ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------- Alcohols react with hydrogen
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 Lab Report on Oxidation & Reduction I. Metal-Metal Ion Displacement II. Halogen Displacement Reactions INTRODUCTION A series of experiments had been conducted to determine the order of displacement strengths of the metals and halogen chosen for the experiments. A displacement reaction is a reaction in which one element(metal or non-metal) displaces another element(metal or non-metal) from its salt solution. In the displacement reaction of metals‚ the more
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Synthesis of Phenols You can prepare phenols in large quantities by the pyrolysis of the sodium salt of benzene sulfonic acid‚ by the Dow process‚ and by the air oxidation of cumene. Each of these processes is described below. You can also prepare small amounts of phenol by the peroxide oxidation of phenylboronic acid and the hydrolysis of diazonium salts. Pyrolysis of sodium benzene sulfonate In this process‚ benzene sulfonic acid is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting salt
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rules. The solubility rules that were used to make this prediction were rules number 2 and 3. Rule number 2 states that all salts containing nitrate‚ acetate and perchlorate are soluble. Rule number 3 states that all salts containing chloride‚ bromide‚ and iodide are soluble. 3. Upon conducting this lab‚ I have come to the conclusion that the predictions made using the solubility rules are more accurate than the actual observations of the given reaction. There were many contributing factors
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hyperlipidemia‚ kidney stones‚ neuropathy‚ and tracheomalacia. His past surgical history includes the shock wave lithotripsy‚ the tracheostomy‚ hemorrhoidectomy‚ and knee arthroscopy. His current medications include Celebrex‚ digoxin‚ ipratropium bromide‚ Lasix‚ Nexium‚ Norvasc‚ Pravachol‚ Proventil‚ ranitidine‚ _____(p..flin/phyllin)‚ Neurontin‚ albuterol‚ insulin‚ oxygen‚ Lortab‚ and propylthiouracil. He reports _____ allergic to
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In this experiment‚ we used simple distillation and extraction to do synthesis of 1-bromobutane. The experiment was carried out by mixing 13.3 g of sodium bromide‚ 15 mL of water and 10 mL of n-butyl alcohol in a 100 mL round bottom flask. We cooled the mixture and added 11.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. Then the mixture was heated at reflux with a short condenser for 45 minutes and then we drained out the condenser. We removed the condenser and distillation head was set up to set up the condenser
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flow allows them to conform to the shape of their containers. Figure 13.5 Both liquids and gases can flow. The liquid on the left is colored water. The gas on the right is bromine vapor. If a gas is denser than air‚ it can be poured from one container into another. These pictures were taken in a fume hood because bromine is both toxic and corrosive. 2. Figure 13.6a eventually moves into the air. The conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor is called vaporization. When such a conversion occurs
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