CHEMISTRY 140A NAME (please print) â y MIDTEHM EXAM FrRsT ’ ` LAST OCT 29‚ 2012 Sofomons 10”’ ed (Cp 1 - 4) SIGNATURE v_ _ ID NUMBER g LAST NAME OF PERSON SEAIE’D T0 YOUR RIGHT: __ LAST NAME OF PERSON SEATED T0 YOUR LEFT.’ no NOT OPEN THE EXAM UNTIL You ARE TOLD To Do so. - Please sign your name on the top of pages 1 through 4. - Please check that you have 5 pages (including this one; page 5 is blank for your scratch work). - Answer only in the space provided.
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Ozone depletion Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth’sstratosphere (the ozone layer)‚ and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth’s polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena‚ there are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events. The details
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No. Wavelength cm -1 Interpretation 1 3500-3400 cm -1 O-H hydroxyl group 2 2900-2850 cm -1 C-H alkanes group 3 1150-1100 cm -1 C-O alcohol‚ ether group FTIR of HPMC Table 9.11: FTIR interpretation analysis of HPMC S. No. Wavelength cm -1 Interpretation 1 3600-3500 cm -1 O-H phenols group 2 2950-2850 cm -1 C-H Alkenes group 3 1400-1300 cm
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called a packet. 9) Ultraviolet light produces suntans and sunburns. 13) Electrons behave like particles and we can describe their exact paths. 17) The ground state is when an electron in an atom is excited into the lowest possible vacant orbital. 21) Bromine has 17 valence electrons. 25) The atomic radius of lithium is larger than the atomic radius of nitrogen. Multiple Choice Questions 29) The number of cycles of a wave that passes a stationary point in one second is called its A) wavelength B) frequency
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Claims for Element 85 The position of element 85 in the periodic table shows it to lie among the halogens. Not surprisingly‚ therefore‚ the early researchers believed that they would find the element in similar locations to other halogens such as bromine and iodine‚ namely in the oceans or in sands washed up by oceans. Moreover‚ it was fully expected that the new element would behave like a typical halogen to form diatomic molecules and that it would have a low boiling point. The first
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ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS. Nowadays one of the biggest problems which all human beings are facing is an environmental problem. Animals are dying and people are worried about forests destruction and ozone depletion. A lot of people come with new ideas to stop environmental pollutions everyday. However‚ none of those ideas have worked out yet and the environment is becoming worse and worse every day. I have some suggestions that I believe would be useful in this situation. The
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Bioremediation Methods for Oil Spills Contents I. Introduction II. History of Bioremediation 1. ‘Courtship’ Period (Pre-1989) 2. ‘Honeymoon’ Period (1989-1991) 3. ‘Establishment’ Period (since 1992) III. The Biological and Chemical Processes of Bioremediation 1. Biodegradation a. Biological Process b. Degrading Species c. Chemical Process d. Need for Bioremediation 2. Bioremediation a. Seeding with Microbial Cultures b. Environmental Modification
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Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water‚ the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature‚ additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water‚ or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating‚ the temperature of the liquid
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Effects to the water quality Oils consist of a complex mixture of hydrogen and carbon which is used for fuel‚ lubrication‚ plastics manufacturing‚ and many other purposes. These petroleum products get into water mainly by means of accidental spills from ships‚ tanker trucks‚ pipelines‚ and leaky underground storage tanks Petroleum products affect surface water‚ impairing water quality with hydrocarbons‚ salts‚ nutrients‚ a host of organic compounds‚ and various heavy metals. Immediately after
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FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage
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