The SN2 reaction requires three qualities: a strong nucleophile‚ a good‚ unhindered leaving group‚ and a polar‚ aprotic solvent. For our reaction‚ we have all three bases covered. The nucleophile is an alkoxide‚ a deprotonated alcohol. Technically‚ because our alcohol is a phenol‚ the conjugate base is called a phenoxide. Phenol itself has a pKa of about 10‚ but our alcohol has more resonance opportunities‚ so the pKa is down around 8. This is sufficiently acidic for use of weak base like K2CO3 for
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SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST 2012 UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES LAHORE‚ PAKISTAN STRUCTURE OF ENTRANCE TEST PAPER 2012 Sr.# Subject No. of Questions 1. PHYSICS 44 2. CHEMISTRY 58 3. ENGLISH 30 4. BIOLOGY 88 TOTAL 220 CONTENTS PHYSICS Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions CHEMISTRY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions ENGLISH Syllabus Self Test Questions BIOLOGY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions PAGE# 1-5 6 7-9 10-21 22 23-28 29-34 35-36 37-44 45 46-51 PHYSICS
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layer is there to protect life from the ultraviolent rays from the sun. These layers become depleted due to high concentrations of chlorine or bromine atoms and include chlorofluorocarbons‚ or CFC’s‚ halons‚ methyl bromide‚ carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform (King & Media n.d.). Since the automobiles‚ emission gases contain few chlorine or bromine; therefore‚ they have little effect on depleting the ozone layers. However‚ the different gases and particles that automobiles emit affect our
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6. What is the mass of 3.01 x 1023 atoms of sulfur? 7. What is the mass of 2.41 x 1024 molecules of water? 8. What is the formula mass (molar mass) of ammonium nitrate? 9. How many moles are in 56.2 grams of bromine gas? 10. What is the mass of 2.67 moles of sulfuric acid? 11. What is the mass of 3.5 moles of sodium sulfide? 12. Calculate the mass of 0.354 moles of ammonia‚ NH3. 13. Calculate the mass of 3.54 moles of sodium
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SKPP 1313 Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Quiz 1 (20 marks) Name: _____________________________________________________ Answer all questions 1) Petroleum engineer can be divided into several groups. Name one of them and briefly explain his main duty. [3 marks] __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
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Conformational Analysis - Cyclohexane 6) Stereochemistry – regioselective‚ stereoselective‚ stereospecific 5 Examples of Topics covered for Revision Quiz 1 (not limited to the topics below) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Acids and Bases Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Alcohols and Alkyl halides Elimination Reactions of Alkenes SN1 and SN2 Aromaticity and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Aldehydes and Ketones Enols and Enolates 6 Project Presentation Search the literature for work on
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because 2+1 integration was overlapping). The multiplicities of all signal clusters of H1 spectrum helped in determining the structure of compound. The signal at 4.9 indicates that the alkane group must be attached with electronegative compound that shifted alkane group by “2”‚ and the signal at 2 indicate the alkane group must be attached with carbonyl group. Thus‚ all the information collected from NMR suggested that the product of fisher esterification was (1‚3-dimthylbutyl) acetate. A number
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million eggs during a single breeding season. The only natural control is a species of diving duck. Hot water will kill zebra mussels (only useful for a very small bilge!). Chlorine will also kill them‚ but is very toxic to marine life. Potassium‚ bromine‚ ozone and ultraviolet light are less toxic alternatives are difficult to apply under water. A novel experiment was reported at the Sixth International Zebra Mussel and other Aquatic Nuisance Species Conference in March 1996.zebra mussel’s are about
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Common Elements/Uses Element Common Uses &/or Descriptions Aluminum A light metal used in making airplanes‚ buildings‚ pots and pans‚ etc. Bromine Used in photography‚ medicines‚ insecticides‚ etc. Calcium A soft‚ metallic chemical element found in limestone‚ marble‚ chalk‚ etc. Carbon Found in coal‚ oil‚ gas‚ living things‚ and inks. Chlorine Used in bleach‚ in chemical to kill germs in swimming pools‚ and found with the element sodium in table salt. Chromium A shiny metal usde on bumpers
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amine groups‚ which are electron-donating. Chlorobenzene contains chlorine‚ which is electron-withdrawing. Phenol contains a hydroxyl group. Oxygen‚ being electronegative‚ was suspected to be electron-withdrawing and hence it took longer time for the bromine to react with benzene. Nitrophenol contains two substituents‚ one of which is a nitro group which is electron-withdrawing. 2.) Sources of error if actual and theoretical doesn’t agree. Contaminated chemical reagents Inappropriate proportions Uncontrolled
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