* Introduction to Organic Chemistry Understand the basis of drawing organic structures Depicting 3-D structures in 2-D Most organic compounds have a three-dimensional structure. How do we represent structures on our two-dimensional page? For example‚ methane is a tetrahedral molecule: Bonds in the plane of the paper: Bonds coming towards the observer: (out of the page) Bonds going away
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1. Give the following for the compound propane C3H8: (a) Full structural formula (b) Skeletal formula 2. Draw all the possible isomers of hexane C6H14 and give the name of each. 3. Draw the structural formulae for each of the following alkanes: (a) 2‚2- dimethylbutane (b) 2-methyl-4-ethylhexane 4. A student gave the name of a hydrocarbon as 2-methyl-2-ethylbutane. Give the correct name. 5. (a) Draw the structural formula of the most highly branched isomer of octane (b) Suggest
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Hwa Chong Institution (High School) Secondary 4 End of Year Examinations Chemistry Revision Notes List of topics: 1. Atomic Structure 2. Separation Techniques 3. Chemical Bonds and Bonding (Ionic‚ Covalent) 4. Metals 5. Properties and structures of compounds 6. Qualitative Analysis 7. Acids‚ Bases and Salts 8. Chemical Periodicity 9. Chemical Calculations 10. Air and Environment 11. Electrochemistry (Including Redox reactions) 12. Thermochemistry 13. Rates of Reaction 14. Chemical
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and 1375 1465 3100-3000 1700-1000 3150-3050 1000-700 ca. 3300 2900-2800 2800-2700 1680-1600 1600-1400 2250-2100 1740-1720 1725-1705 1725-1700 1750-1730 1700-1640 1810 and 1760 1300-1000 Intensity s m m m s s s m w w m-w m-w m-w s s s s s s s Alkanes -CH3 -CH2Alkenes (stretch) (bend) (bend) (stretch) CHARACTERISTIC INFRARED FREQUENCIES (bend) Aromatic (stretch) (out-of-plane bend) Alkyne Aldehyde C=C C C C=O (stretch) Alkene (stretch) Aromatic (stretch) Alkyne (stretch) Aldehyde
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GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key IInstructions The final examination will be weighted as follows Modules 1–3 Modules 4–6 The format of the examination will be as follows: Part A: Fill-in-the-Blanks Part B: Multiple Choice Part C: Short Answer Total Marks Include units with all answers as required. Useful Information You will need the following in order to complete this examination: n n n n 15–20% 80–85%
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of a group of straight chained alkanes to 2 branched alkanes‚ a ketone‚ an alcohol and an alkene. I plotted a graph of boiling points of straight chain alkanes against its molar mass. Here‚ it was noticed that as the molar mass increased‚ the boiling point increased as well. However‚ when I plotted the graph of the 2 branched alkanes‚ the ketone‚ alcohol and alkene‚ I noticed that they didn’t follow the same trend as the straight chain alkanes. The branched alkanes had a lower boiling point compare
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capable of being converted to metal salts‚ alkyl halides‚ esters‚ aldehydes‚ ketones‚ and carboxylic acids. In this experiment the conversion from alcohol to alkyl halides was investigated. Alkyl halides are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are used as flame retardants‚ refrigerants‚ propellants‚ solvents‚ and pharmaceuticals. As a group‚ students convert three alcohols to alkyl halides under acidic conditions and record the 13C NMR spectrum in each
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contains four sections‚ SECTION A to SECTION D. Instructions: Answer all questions in SECTION A - SECTION D. Make sure that the section heading is included and your answers are correctly numbered. The assignment must have a completed cover sheet. It must be placed in the drop-box on or before the deadline. st SECTION A ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & IONIZATION ENERGY 1. 2. Write the electronic structure in s‚p‚d notation of the following: O‚ Na‚ Na+‚ Al‚ Cl- and Co
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carbon atoms by forming covalent bonds. Alkanes Alkanes are hydrocarbons‚ which are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen. They are made up of carbon atoms linked together by only single covalent bonds and are known as saturated hydrocarbons. Many alkanes are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation. The smallest alkanes are used extensively as fuels. Apart from burning‚ however‚ they are remarkably unreactive. Alkane Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane
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H B621/02 GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION GATEWAY SCIENCE SCIENCE B UNIT 1: Modules B1 C1 P1 (Higher Tier) TUESDAY 15 JANUARY 2008 Afternoon Time: 1 hour *CUP/T45720* Candidates answer on the question paper. Additional materials (enclosed): None Calculators may be used. Additional materials: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • • • • Write your name in capital letters‚ your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the boxes above. Use blue or black ink. Pencil may
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