Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons Have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. Are alkenes with double bonds. Are alkynes with triple bonds. 1 Structure of Alkenes Alkenes (and alkynes) are unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkenes have one or more double bonds The two bonds in a double bond are different: - one bond is a sigma () bond; these are cylindrical in shape and are very strong - the other is a pi (π) bond; these involve sideways overlap of
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B) is a deactivator and an o‚p-director. C) is an activator and a m-director. D) is an activator and an o‚p-director. E) none of the above Answer: B 32) Which of the following is an intermediate in the bromination of toluene? A) 13 B) C) D) Answer: B 33) Provide the major organic product of the following reaction. Answer: 14 34) Provide the major organic product which results when PhCHOHCH3 is treated with a chromate (PCC- strong oxidant). Answer: PhCOCH3
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The Stereochemistry of Bromine Addition: Bromination of trans-Cinnamic Acid Pitak Chuawong Objectives 1. To perform bromination of trans-‐cinnamic acid 2. To investigate stereochemistry of bromination reaction Introduction Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition to give alkyl halides. When bromine is used as a
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properties of the hydrocarbons. Several reactions such as Bromination‚ oxidation‚ and the addition of sulfuric acid were done to understand the chemical properties as well as the possible products that may form by each of the classification of hydrocarbons. Preparation of acetylene was also done in this experiment. The properties of the formed acetylene such as the reaction of the acetylene as it undergo Ammoniacal silver nitrate test‚ Bromination and oxidation. The reagents that were used to perform
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considered “greener” compared to the original bromination procedures. In order to create the alkyl halides‚ which are able to undergo chemical transformations more readily than the carbon-carbon double bond‚ onto the trans-stilbene the addition process of halogenation in needed. The typical reagents that are used‚ such as elemental bromine and liquid bromine‚ are dangerous and highly corrosive‚ so this experiment used an alternative method of bromination.
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Marta Gebregziabher Discussion and Conclusion: Addition reaction of Alkenes: Bromination of (E)-Stilbene 1. Addition reaction is a reaction that involved two molecules that combine to make a larger product. Addition reaction has two main types‚ electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition. An electrophilic reaction is when the pi bond of a molecule is removed to make two covalent bonds that are bonded to two new molecules. A nucleophillic addition is a reaction that removed the pi bond
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chemistry experiment involved carrying out the first three parts of the Cyclohexanol Cycle. The cyclohexanol was first converted to cyclohexene and water by simple distillation (product: 6.5395g‚ 79.75% recovery). The cyclohexene then underwent a bromination reaction by addition of concentrated HBr and a 30% H2O2 solution‚ followed by an extraction of the aqueous phase. This produced trans-1‚2-dibromocyclohexane (product: 12.8886g‚ 67.34% recovery). The trans-1‚2-dibromocyclohexane was reduced by zinc
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Bromination of Trans-Cinnamic Acid Christopher B. Martin CHEM 3411 1 Mechanism of Bromine Addition to Alkenes Understanding the chemical mechanism (order of bonds broken and made as well as intermediates formed) has a great value in chemical synthesis. The chemical mechanism of a reaction will influence the rate of the reaction‚ the stereochemistry of the product(s)‚ and the extent of possible undesired side reactions. Organic reaction mechanisms investigate the path towards a desired product
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Rgt/Pdt | Structure | Physical Properties | Hazards | acetone | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: colorlessBoiling Point: 56.20CMelting Point: -95.30CDensity: 0.79 g/cm3 | Causes eye and skin irritation. May cause central nervous system depression. May cause liver and kidney damage. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Extremely flammable. | aniline | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: oily - colorlessBoiling Point: 1840CMelting Point: -60CDensity: 1.0216 g/cm3 | Combustible. Hazardous in
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was then recrystallized from methanol‚ yielding 0.128g of pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 131-135 oC. This represents 0.33% of the original mass of the two yolks. The cholesterol was then dissolved in ether and further purified by bromination with a bromine/acetic acid reagent and debromination with zinc powder‚ a series of aqueous washes‚ and a final recrystallization from methanol. Here‚ a yield of 28% was recovered from an initial mass of 100 mg of recrystallized material. The melting
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