Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF2Cl2 (Freon-12: refrigerant CFC) CF3CHClBr (Halothane: anesthetic) Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms‚ and so the C-Hal bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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EXP-10 CHEM 233L SYNTHESIS OF p-BROMOANILINE Introduction: In this experiment‚ p-bromoaniline was synthesized in three steps starting from aniline. Since the amino group of aniline is a strong activator of aromatic ring‚ direct bromination is impractical (equation 1). In order to make a desired product‚ amino group needed to be protected as the acetamide which also maintained ortho and para position but slowed down the rate of reaction (equation 2). Slow reaction rate would increase
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Explore its Potential Health Benefits Summary The goal of the study is to extract and purify resveratrol from fresh skin of black grapevine. Resveratrol is a member of a group of plant compounds called polyphenols and belongs to the class called stilbene. Resveratrol is produced by grapes and some plants in response to stress‚ injury‚ fungal or bacterial attack and ultraviolet radiation. Studies show that it makes chemotherapy more effective‚ weaken viruses including influenza and HIV (Adams‚ 2011)
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are shown in Figure 4. Indian Institute of Technology Madras Engineering Chemistry III Prof. K. M. Muraleedharan Reaction Electrophile Generation of electrophiles Cl2 + FeCl3 Cl3Fe Cl Cl First step Chlorination Cl+ bromination Br+ Br2 + FeBr3 Br3Fe Br Br Iodination
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Alkynes Chapter 7 Triple Bond Structure Nomenclature IUPAC: use the infix -yn- to show the presence of a carbon-carbon triple bond 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 6 7 5 1 2 3 4 6 7 5 1 3-Methyl-1-butyne 6‚6-Dimethyl-3-heptyne 1‚6-Heptadiyne Common names: prefix the substituents on the triple bond to the name “acetylene” IUPAC name: Common name: 2-Butyne D imethylacetylene 1-Buten-3-yne Vinylacetylene Physical Properties
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TWS Chemistry 1013-231 Organic Chemistry I Name___________________________________ 2011 Exam#2 - Version 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Energy is __________ when bonds are formed and is __________ when bonds are broken; therefore‚ bond dissociation energies are always __________. A) consumed / released / endothermic B) consumed / released / isothermic C) released / consumed / endothermic D) consumed / released / exothermic
Free Chemical reaction Chlorine Organic chemistry
I. Abstract The experiment: Classification tests on Organic Compounds‚ allows the students to be familiarized with different classification tests used for identifying the different classes of organic compounds; examine unknown compounds using appropriate tests; and identify functional group of an organic compound based on the tests performed. Several organic compounds with different functional groups were tested to identify the functional groups present in the compound. n-heptane‚ pentene
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Alkane‚ Alkene‚ Alkyne & Aromatic Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. Determine the IUPAC name‚ common name and structure of an alkanes‚ alkenes and cycloalkanes. Identify the physical properties of alkanes. Describe briefly natural sources and importance of alkanes Describe reactions of alkanes Propose a mechanism on free radicals substitution 4. 5. 6. Describe the preparation and reactions of alkenes. 7. Propose mechanism on preparation; dehydration of alcohol 8. Define carbocation
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