faire. The democratic style was proven to be most effective. Mary Ainsworth: Methods: Ainsworth performed a longitudinal study in Uganda. She used home visits‚ naturalistic observations‚ and interviews with the mothers of the
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Gunderson‚ J.‚ Holmes‚ B.‚ Lyons-Ruth‚ K. (2004) ‘Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review’ Harvard Review of Psychiatry‚ Volume 12‚ No. 2 Ainsworth‚ M. & Bell‚ S. (1970) ‘Attachment‚ exploration‚ and separation: Illustrated by the behaviour of one-year-olds in a strange situation’. Child Development‚ 41‚ 49-67. Ainsworth‚ M. D. S. (1973). ‘The development of infant-mother attachment’‚ in B. Cardwell & H. Ricciuti (Eds.). Review of child development research. Chicago: University
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Biological-Ethological Theories of Bowlby and Ainsworth‚ and Harlow’s Learning Theories. Margaret Mahler‚ a Hungarian physician‚ who became a psychoanalyst with
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This essay describes and evaluates the contributions of Bowlby‚ Ainsworth‚ Murray-Parkes‚ Kubler-Ross and Worden‚ as well as later theorists‚ to their respective fields. I demonstrate how I already work with some of these models‚ highlighting my strengths and areas for development. I emphasise some influences on Bowlby’s work‚ leading to his trilogy Attachment 1969; Separation 1973; and Loss‚ Sadness and Depression 1980; demonstrating how attachments in infancy may shape our attachment styles in
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Bowlby ’s maternal deprivation hypothesis assumes that continual disruption of the attachment bond between the infant and primary caregiver would result in long term cognitive‚ social and emotional difficulties for the child. To what extent has research into deprivation and privation supported this view. Bowlby claimed that the role of a mother was essential to a child and without this essential mother figure it would affect the child’s psychological health. He called this theory the maternal
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a connection between two people. It is a bond that involves a persons desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress during separation from that person” (Ainsworth‚ M. 1958) Two of the biggest contributors to the understanding of attachment are Harry Harlow (1905 - 1981) and Mary Ainsworth (1913 - 1999). In 1958‚ psychologist Harry Harlow conducted a series of experiments to investigate an infants bond with its mother or care provider. Due to the ethics at the time
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Attachments theories are built on lasting relationships between humans throughout are lifespan. Worldview primary caregivers are the ones that reflect are behaviors as we grow up in life. Unsecure attachment behavior changes are foreseeable. Lawful occurrences that can‚ hypothetically at least‚ be fully understood through the use of regular‚ objective observed research methods. Realistic meaning that the methods rely on observation or research. Sociologist believes that behavior is caused by either
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Bowlby (1969) believed that there are two types of attachments; Secure and insecure attachments. The type of attachment a child has formed will affect the way they develop socially and emotionally. According to Bowlby‚ children that have formed a secure attachment tend to use their parents a safe base and see their mother as responsive. However‚ children who
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hierarchy is divided into deficiency needs and growth needs and he used these to describe what motivated human behavior. The attachment theory was first developed by John Bowlby‚ then expanded by Mary Ainsworth with the “Strange Situation.” The attachment theory is positioned around the emotional bonds that
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determines how early attachment impacts social and emotional development of three to five year olds and adults. Bowlby (1969 cited in Nicholls & Kirkland‚ 1996‚ p.55) states that an important element in the development of secure attachment is maternal sensitivity. This is necessary in order to engender an infant’s confidence in a mother ’s accessibility and responsiveness. Ainsworth et al (1978 cited in Barnes‚ 1995‚ p.14) opine that maternal sensitivity predicts the extent of attachment between
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