Comparing and contrasting the work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment. In 1950s psychology was mainly leaded by the behaviourists‚ their belief was that humans were motivated because of their primary needs like obtain hunger‚ thirst‚ avoid pain and satisfy sexual needs. Harry Harlow changed it all. He refused to accept that affection and love are less important and his paper “The nature of love” became bestseller among others. Harlow has said that ”Love is wondrous state
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over time; it is dependent on the type of interaction between individuals and is traditionally viewed as the reciprocal tie between a mother and her infant. John Bowlby was the pioneer behind much of attachment theory; he viewed attachment as the propensity of human beings to make affection bonds to particular others’ (1979 p127). Bowlby argued that the formation of attachment is evolutionary adaptive and biologically rooted. In that infants are helpless‚ they require a stronger‚ wiser individual
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USING DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BROADER FIELD OF PSYCHOTHERAPY (E.G. THE IDEAS OF BOWLBY‚ STERN‚ STOLOROW) USING DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BROADER FIELD OF PSYCHOTHERAPY (E.G. THE IDEAS OF BOWLBY‚ STERN‚ STOLOROW) EXPLORE THE PERSON CENTRED APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF IN RELATIONSHIP Word count excluding front sheet and references: 4816 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to explore the development of the self in relationship within the person centred approach through drawing on
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Livoti 3/5/13 IB Psychology Mrs. Urso John Bowlby is the pioneer of the attachment theory and worked with children who had been separated from their parents during World War 2. He observed that many of these children developed emotional problems‚ and he made the connection that the emotional problems stemmed from the separation from the mother. Bowlby was born in London to an upper class family‚ and would rarely see‚ and interact with his mother
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physical and emotional survival. This Darwin-based theory states that infants are innately equipped with social releasers‚ such as crying or cooing‚ to gain their mother’s attention and comfort in real or perceived situations of danger (Ainsworth & Bell‚ 1970; Bowlby‚ 1969; Howe‚ 2005). In an ideal‚ secure attachment‚ the perception of threat is eliminated by a mother’s comfort and proximity; this interaction regulates the infant’s distress allowing the infant to regain
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connection and safety gained from holding the infant with gentle firmness against the bosom. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs asserts that biological needs (i.e. food‚ water‚ etc.) are primary needs‚ while safety is secondary (Maslow‚ 2005). According to Bowlby (1951‚ as cited in Feldman‚ 2008‚ p. 191)‚ attachment is based on a need for safety and security. So‚ impulsively‚ it would seem that the provision of physiological needs has little to do with the developing emotional bonds (attachment). However‚
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Attachment theory was first proposed by John Bowlby but was further expanded on and confirmed by Mary D. Salter Ainsworth (Andrews‚ 2010). British psychiatrist‚ John Bowlby‚ theorized that infants saw their parents as their safe and secure cornerstone; that these individuals in their life would always be there to protect them. Bowlby’s theory stated that there are several actions an infant performs that increase their likelihood of survival. The action of an infant smiling‚ crying and adhering
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Compare and Contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment ‘Attachment’ is a lasting secure and positive feeling that bonds one person to another‚ one of the strongest forms of attachment is thought to develop between a mother and child. Many psychologist‚ sociologist‚ physicians and psychoanalysts have sought to explore the fundamental nature of attachment and how it had evolved. Within this essay I shall examine • The origins of attachment • Psychologist who seek
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explanation given by Bowlby and the alternative explanation by Schaffer and Emerson. I.e. Monotrophy vs. Multiple attachment and the stages as described by Bowlby) 529 words John Bowlby believed that in the early stages of child development the maternal relationship was the basis of the child becoming an emotionally balanced adult. He believed that the relationship should stem from a monotrophy maternal figure or substitutes loving‚ caring and consistent relations with the child. Bowlby believed that
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they are communicating and what the best way will be in making a response. Firstly‚ I am to introduce Bowlby’s attachment theory (Bowlby 1969). Bowlby’s attachment theory was based on the idea that subject- object relations are shaped by our initial relationship with our primary care giver‚ this usually to be the mother (Beckett and Hillary 2010). According to Bowlby‚ children are biologically pre- programmed to form attachments in order to help them survive. Children have an innate ability to
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