two types of cost estimating techniques that I am going to compare and contrast are parametric procedures applied to specific tasks and phase estimating. These two techniques are a part of bottom-up approaches but apply processes from top-down approaches. They both use techniques that allow for estimating projects by breaking down into sections. In comparison the parametric procedures breaks the projects down into specific tasks and the phase estimation breaks the projects down in a time line.
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Lessons from the Field: Sales at the Bottom of the Pyramid By Heidi Krauel and Joel Montgomery‚ 2009 Acumen Fund Fellows April 2010 Summary Enterprises serving bottom of the pyramid (BoP) markets have tremendous opportunity to create commercial and social impact‚ but are often illequipped to do so. A particular question that needs to be studied is: how can we sell more effectively to BoP consumers? In this piece‚ Acumen Fund Fellows Heidi Krauel and Joel Montgomery draw on their field experiences
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homeostasis is a student walking up the down escalator. When a student walks up the escalator at the same speed as the escalator is descending‚ the student stays in the same level. This shows how homeostasis maintains a constant temperature. If a student walks up the escalator at a faster
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1."Why is expected return considered forward-looking? What are the challenges for practitioners to utilize expected return?" (Cornett‚ Adair‚ and Nofsinger‚ 2012‚ p. 246). Expected return is “forward-looking” in the sense that it represents the return investors expect to receive in the future as compensation for the market risk taken. The challenge is that practitioners cannot precisely know what the future holds and thus what the expected return should be. Thus‚ we create methods to estimate the
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Bates‚ S. (2003). Top pay for top performance. HR Magazine. Berglas‚ S. (2006). How to keep A players productive. Harvard Business Review. 1. Bates argues that in order to keep top performers satisfied and productive‚ there should be a substantial difference in the variable pay or merit-based salary increases that top performers and poor performers receive. Based on the available research (which is mentioned in the article)‚ how big of an increase is needed to “catch anybody’s attention”?
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Contents Abstract The report uses a top-down valuation process to examine the Australian economy‚ the metal and mining and consumer industries and analyses BHP Billiton Limited and Woolworths Limited. Variables affecting the Australian economy are inflation and interest rates; the gross domestic product; the exchange rate; and economic risks. The metal and mining industry is the largest sector in Australia and the consumer industry is the third largest sector. The present value
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A CCL Research White Paper Leadership and the Triple Bottom Line Bringing Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility to Life By: Laura Quinn Jessica Baltes C E N T E R F O R C R E AT I V E L E A D E R S H I P Leadership and the Triple Bottom Line CONTENTS Executive summary Highlights Background TBL awareness and importance TBL leadership skills and actions TBL outcomes and advantages Organizational strategy and the TBL Organizational culture and systems supporting or hindering
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The Market at the Bottom of the Pyramid urn on your television and you will see calls for money to help :he world’s 4 billion poor-people who live on far less than $2 a day. In ict‚ the cry is so constant and the need so chronic that the tendency for nany people is to tune out these images as well as the message. Even :hose who do hear and heed the cry are limited in what they can :ccomplish. For more than 50 years‚ the Vorld Bank‚ donor nations‚ tarious aid agencies‚ narional governments‚ and
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people started to question organisations ’ practices and their environmental‚ social and economic impacts. With this in mind‚ companies started to pay more attention to business sustainability in order to improve the company ’s reputation. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept is a methodology that focuses on the 3 P ’s: People‚ Planet and Profit. It was first introduced by John Elkington in 1994 and has increasingly become a basis for business sustainability. Not only has the world ’s Green mentality
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ES_TBL_7/1 17/8/04 7:40 pm Page 1 Chapter 1 Enter the Triple Bottom Line John Elkington In 1994‚ the author coined the term triple bottom line. He reflects on what got him to that point‚ what has happened since – and where the agenda may now be headed. The late 1990s saw the term ‘triple bottom line’ take off. Based on the results of a survey of international experts in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development (SD)‚ Figure 1.1 spotlights the growth trend
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