CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds‚ in
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Topic 2 Bond market developments Overview Financial markets have been subject to significant changes in recent years due to the credit crisis. Experts believed that risk was being under-priced‚ which was expressed in the markets by a narrow spread. They believed that once the market corrected this under-pricing and re-priced the risk‚ it would likely cause a dislocation in financial markets by overshooting its equilibrium. Hence the prices‚ yields and returns on bonds have been significantly
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international workshop on the development of bond market in Bangladesh. Bond markets link issuers having long-term financing needs with investors willing to place funds in long-term‚ interest-bearing securitiBangladeshes. has both the issuers and the investors in place but it still has not been able to link them effectively through a bond market. The positive effect of developing a domestic bond market on the economy is well-known. On the one hand‚ bond markets are essential for a country to
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A Broken Bond From the moment that the mother feels her child kicking‚ there is a very strong bond developed. In one’s life‚ a strong maternal bond is crucial. In Laura Esquivel’s novel Like Water for Chocolate‚ it seemed liked Mama Elena was unaware of the importance of this relationship. “Unquestionably‚ when it came to dividing‚ dismantling‚ dismembering‚ desolating‚ detaching‚ dispossessing‚ destroying‚ or dominating‚ Mama Elena was a pro.” Mama Elena was destined to ruin Tita’s life.
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Chemical Bonds Chemical Bond: is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. They form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms. Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into two types: Ionic and Covalent. Ionic: metal & nonmetal Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them. The metal atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic
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Mid Term – October 2014 Bond Pricing Qu 1: Time to Maturity Zero Coupon Rate Discount Factor 1 5% 2 6% 3 7% 4 8% 5 9% Give the formula for the discount factor in terms of the zero coupon rate. Use the formula to fill in the discount factors in the table above (you can write the formula or using excel calculate the numerical value). Assume that the government wishes to issue a new 5 year bond priced at 100 (called a par coupon bond as it is priced at par i.e. the price is the same as the face
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Practice questions Quiz 1 FIR 3710 Investments 1. Why are derivatives potentially dangerous? A) They involve leverage. B) They are used to hedge. C) They are a tool for risk management. D) There are more than 1200 different derivatives on the market. 2. __________ assets generate net income to the economy and __________ assets define allocation of income among investors. A) Financial‚ financial B) Financial
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Islamic Economic Studies Vol. 4‚ No. 2‚ May 1997 THE USE OF ASSETS IJARA BONDS FOR BRIDGING THE BUDGET GAP MONZER KAHF* A shari‘ah compatible fixed-return financial instrument is needed in an Islamic economy. This paper explores the potential of ijara (renting)-based financial instruments to meet this need. The paper proposes ijara-bonds as marketable Islamic financial instruments for resource mobilization in the public sector as well as an instrument for monetary policy. Private companies
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enrolled in an Investments class has picked a project on bond price theorems. The two main theorems that she decided to illustrate dealt with coupon rate and term-to-maturity and how these factors influence the price. Thus she included 2 bonds with the same rating and term with a different coupon rate‚ as well as two bonds with the same rating and coupon rate with different terms. She thought that if the bond markets were efficient‚ bonds with similar characteristics would be priced so that there
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In the case of bankruptcy‚ bonds generally provide more safety than stocks. You can read more about why here. Bonds vs. Stocks: Lender vs. Shareholder When you buy a stock‚ what you are buying is a small piece (or a large piece if you are someone like Warren Buffet!) of ownership in a company. As an owner you have special privileges‚ including the ability to vote on matters that affect the future of the company. More importantly however‚ is the fact that as a stockholder you have the right to
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