بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Al-Quds University Body Fluid Lab. Report Chemical Examination of Urine Prepared By : Lucia Principles Benedict’s Test for Reducing Sugars Urinary sugars when boiled in Benedict’s reagent reduce copper sulphate to a reddish cuprous oxide precipitate in hot alkaline medium‚ the intensity of which is proportional to the amount of sugar present in the urine. The results are reported as 1+‚2+‚ etc. depending upon the colour and intensity of the cuprous oxide precipitate
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and maintained the temperature of the reaction mixture between 35-40 ̊ c by using hot water path. After that‚ 10 drops of the reaction mixture from the flask were taken after 10 minutes and added to a test tube which contained 1.00 ml of Benedict’s reagent. The test tube was placed in hot water for about 2.00 minutes and changes in color were noticed. The last step was repeated every 10.00 minutes for 6 times. The same procedure was used for carrot solution and rate of fermentation for both solutions
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Title : The movement of substances across a semi permeable membrane Objective : To study the movement of substances across a semi permeable membrane Problem statement : What factor influences the diffusion of substances through a semi permeable membrane? Hypothesis : The diffusion of molecules across a semi permeable membrane is based on the size of the molecule Variables: a) Manipulated : Size of solute molecules b) Responding : Colour of solution c) Fixed : Temperature and time
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Copper-Silver Nitrate Reaction Introduction In this experiment copper wire will be placed in a solution of silver nitrate. This single replacement reaction will produce a blue solution of copper II nitrate and solid silver. By weighing the reactants before the reaction‚ the mass of silver produced can be predicted. This theoretical yield can be compared to the actual yield of silver. Purpose Students will compare the theoretical mass of silver with the actual mass of silver from the single
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Objective: 1) To test the presence of reducing sugars which is glucose in the Benedict’s test. 2) To test the presence of non-reducing sugars which is sucrose by using Hydrolysis then Benedict’s test. 3) To test the presence of the starch by using iodine test. 4) To test the presence of lipids in corn oils when using the Sudan Ш and Emulsion tests. 5) To test the presence of proteins in an egg albumen in the Biuret’s test. 6) To test the presence of Vitamin C and ascorbic acid in the DCPIP
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Introduction Grignard reagents are good nucleophiles as well as strong bases (Weldegirma). It allows compounds to react with acidic compounds‚ therefor is must be free from acids as well as water during the desired reaction. Another important aspect of Grignard reagent is that refluxing is necessary to carry out the reaction (Weldegirma). The reagent has been studied for a very long time period. As early as the 1920’s‚ Grignard reagents could be identified and studied qualitatively
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ETHERS Classification of Ethers: Symmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 – diethyl ether Unsymmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are not identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH3 – ethyl methyl ether Physical Properties of Ethers: Ethers have much lower boiling points compared to alcohols of comparable MWs. BPs of ethers increases with increasing MW. BPs of isomeric ethers increase with increasing alkyl chain length. BPs of ethers are about the
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Discussion Principle behind the experimental design Results are tabulated and with table number and title Graph‚ Drawings (Figure # and Title) Conclusion Recommendation Experimental 1.0 A. Reagents - Anhydrous ZnCl2 - 6M H2SO4 - 10% KI - 6M NaOH - 10% K2Cr2O7 - conc. HCl - DNPH reagent (potential carcinogen!) - unknown sample B. Materials - Small test tube - Hot Plate - 250 mL beaker - Pasteur Pipettes 2.0 Procedures Chemical Analysis was done for each test
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11:30-2:20 Abstract: In this experiment‚ phenylmagnesium bromide‚ a Grignard reagent was synthesized from bromobenzene and magnesium strips in a diethyl ether solvent. The Grignard reagent was then converted to triphenylmethanol‚ a tertiary alcohol with HCl. The reaction for phenylmagnesium bromide was: The reaction for Grignard to triphenylmethanol was: In the formation of the Grignard reagent‚ the limited reagent‚ magnesium was determined and 0.00617mol was calculated. In the second part
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