Oxidation of an Alcohol: Oxidizing Methoxybenzyl Alcohol to Methoxybenzaldehyde Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT Oxidize methoxybenzyl alcohol to methoxybenzaldehyde‚ using sodium hypochlorite as the oxidizing agent and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as the phase-transfer catalyst. Monitor the progress of the reaction by thin-layer chromatography. BACKGROUND REQUIRED You should be familiar with extraction‚ evaporation‚ and thin-layer chromatography techniques
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Preparation of Dibenzalacetone by the Aldol condensation David o Neill Date of experiment: 14/12/2011 Apparatus Steam bath‚ ice bath‚ Buchner funnel‚ beaker‚ conical flask‚ filter paper‚ TLC apparatus‚ Melting point apparatus Materials / chemicals Benzaldehyde‚ acetone‚ ethanolic sodium hydroxide‚ ethanol Introduction The synthesis of dibenzalacetone is formed from an Aldol condensation reaction. An Aldol condensation reaction is a very effective way of forming a carbon – carbon bond reaction‚ in
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0.4‚ 0.8‚ 1.2‚ 1.6‚ 2.0 mg/ml of bovine serum were used to determine absorbance with a spectrophotometer. Two additional samples were made; one was blank and the other was for the specific homogenate sample. Then 3 microliters of bradford assay reagent‚ which indicates the amount of protein present by color‚ was added to all samples. The spectrophotometer was zeroed at 595 nm. A standard curve was made with the different absorbencies and concentrations. After the linear equation was formed‚ the
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reacts with reductive substances such as organic impurities in water‚ ashes in air and so on‚ it easily decomposes when exposed to light. When it is prepared‚ its solution must be boiled or be dissolved with cold distilled water and then kept in brown reagent bottle in dark. The primary standard
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indicating that O2 (and water) were being released. Although enteric bacteria use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor‚ tests for oxidase activity indicated that they possess terminal oxidases other than cytochrome c oxidase. That is‚ the oxidase reagent did not change from pink to purple when it came in contact with any of the organisms‚ indicating a negative result. Instead of oxygen‚ some facultative anaerobes employ nitrate as a terminal electron receptor; the nitrate broth was used to test for
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tissues and then returns carbon dioxide to the lungs. HbG can be used to diagnose or monitor a number of conditions. Anemia is one of those conditions. List required reagents: Drabkins Solution is the reagent that is required for HgB. Drabkins reagent composed of potassium cyanide and potassium ferricyanide. The reagent is used to lyse red cells and convert hemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin in hemoglobinometry. 2. Equipment needed when doing the HbG procedure is a spectrophotometer which is
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each into a different test tube. 3. If the acid does not dissolve‚ place it in 50。C to heat until totally dissolved. 4. Add 3 drops of 5% KMnO4 to each‚ then shake and observe the reactions. 9.3.2 Reaction with Tollen’s Reagent 1. Place 3 ml of Tollen’s Reagent in 4 separate test tubes. 2. Add 3 drops of formic acid‚ acetic acid‚ benzoic acid‚ and oxalic acid each into a different test tube. 3. If the acid is a solid‚ dissolve 50 mg in 4-5 drops of ethanol before putting into the test
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standardize acid and base solutions. In this experiment‚ the students to students will be able to know the proper way of preparing solutions from solid and liquid reagents by using the proper pieces of glassware and equipment and to calculate the exact concentration of the prepared solution from standardization. PROCEDURE The reagents that were used in this experiment were concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ sodium hyrdoxide‚ sodium carbonate‚ potassium acid phthalate and phenolphthalein as indicator
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Correct answer: e. tubes 3 and 4 An optical density greater than zero indicates that Your answer : a. BAPNA digestion has occurred. Correct answer: e. BAPNA digestion has occurred and pepsin is active. Experiment Data: Tube No. Reagent 1 Reagent 2 Reagent 3 Boiled Time Temp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pepsin Pepsin Pepsin DeIonized Water Pepsin Pepsin BAPNA BAPNA DeIonized Water BAPNA BAPNA BAPNA pH 2.0 Buffer pH 2.0 Buffer pH 2.0 Buffer pH 2.0 Buffer pH 7.0 Buffer
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solvent polar or non-polar and the temperatures are the factors of electrophilic substitution on aromatic compounds. 1. INTRODUCTION The most common reaction of aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. It is when an electron-poor reagent (an electrophile‚ E+) reacts with the electron-rich aromatic ring ( a nucleophile) and substitutes for one of the ring hydrogen. Electrophilic Substitution has several factors that affect its relative rates and this includes the following: substituents
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