describe the rule of recognition in detail describe what Hart calls ‘the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of a legal system’ explain the significance of the rule of recognition for Hart for establishing his particular form of legal positivism discuss critically Hart’s claim that the rule of recognition is identified as ‘a matter of fact’ outline the main arguments put by Dworkin in his criticism of the rule of recognition theory express your own opinion about the ‘ultimate’ criteria
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theoretical approach which support the idea that crime is caused by psychological and social disadvantage. A reference will also be made to the basic theories which were developed by prominent intellectuals‚ as for example the Rational Choice theory‚ the Positivism theoretical movement‚ Interaction and social reaction theories and the theory of Criminalisation. An attempt to analyse the approach to crime causation‚ opportunity and motivation will also be discussed. Finally‚ the need for criminology to be adjusted
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“Philosophy of Language: Paved way for a better Development Communicator” One concept discussed in Philosophy 1 that I think is particularly applicable to my course – Bachelor of Science Development Communication‚ is the ‘Philosophy of Language.’ I have chosen this concept because we all know that philosophy of language is concerned on the problem: “When we say something‚ it must be meaningful. How then can we know if statements are meaningful or not?” While the Development Communication
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Austin‚ Hart and Kelson on Sanction as an integral part of law The term “sanction” is derived from Roman law. Sanction was originally that part of the statute which established a penalty or made other provisions for its enforcement. In the ordinary sense‚ the term sanction means mere penalty It can also be some motivating force or encouragement for the purpose of better performance and execution of laws. Meaning The term “sanction” is derived from Roman law. Sanction was originally that part
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ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE Analytical jurisprudence is a method of legal study that concentrates on the logical structure of law‚ the meanings and uses of its concepts‚ and the formal terms and the modes of its operation. It draws on the resources of modern analytical philosophy to try to understand the nature of law. It is not concerned with the past stages of its evolution or its goodness or badness. Law exist as it is‚ regardless of good or bad‚ past or future. “a law‚ which actually exist‚ is
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Greenawalt‚ Neil MacCormick‚ William Twining‚ Chin Liew Ten‚ Joseph Raz and Ronald Dworkin. The Concept of Law is the most famous work of HLA Hart; it was published in the year 1961. This book developed a lot about what we should understand about legal positivism and what is the idea that he brought into the legal law. Firstly‚ the idea that hart developed in this book was about a different or distinction between primary and secondary legal rules. It explains what is mean by primary and secondary legal rules
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offers no real challenge to religious belief.” Discuss [35] The verification principle is a significant concept used by many philosophers in order to determine whether a religious statement is meaningful or not. This was highly influenced by logical positivism: group of 20th century philosophers called the Vienna circle and was then further developed by British philosopher A.J Ayer. Religious language refer to statements such as ‘God exists’ and ‘God loves me’. Whilst these metaphysical claims are often
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JURISPRUDENCE Knowledge is a true justified believe of something. We use our linguistic intuition to figure out differences in meaning. And their uses seem to be already “there” for some reason (possibly linguistic intuition). Counter Example: An example that refutes or disproves a hypothesis‚ proposition‚ or theorem. We use Counter Example (Opposite scenario/extra condition) - to show that something is wrong i.e. that knowledge does not generally constitute true believe. Counter examples
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Ethical language is meaningless. Discuss. Twentieth Century ethics has been highly dominated by linguistics. Ethicists now worked to discover the meanings of terms such as “good” or “bad”. This goes beyond normative ethics such as Utilitarianism‚ Kantian ethics or Virtue ethics but rather looks at the usefulness and meaningfulness of ethical language‚ known as Meta ethics. It also tries to understand the meaning of terms used in descriptive ethics usually used by sociologists. Ethical language
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assertions. Flew insisted that claims by the believer such as ‘God loves us’ are not to be taken as ‘anything but assertions’. Verification means to prove the truth of a statement whilst falsification means to prove a statement is false. Logical positivism was developed by the Vienna circle. They only accepted two forms of verifiable language: Analytical a priori statements which are logically true or false‚ an example would be ‘all circles are round’ and synthetic a posteriori statements which are
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