the most accurate sociological explanation of deviance and crime is symbolic interaction. The saying ‘You are a product of the environment you grow up in’ is very true. Sociologist Edwin Sutherland studied deviance from the symbolic interactionist perspective. The basis of his theory of differential association is that deviance is a learned behavior. People learn it from the different groups with which they associate. If you grow up in a family with a life of crime that’s what seems natural to a
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Assess subcultural explanation of crime and deviance Subcultural theories are used as an attempt to understand the cause of crime and deviance‚ they state that people who commit crime share different values from the mass law abiding members of society. They argue that these crime-committing people do not completely oppose to mainstream values; rather they have amended certain values forming ‘subcultures’. Theorists Albert Cohen believes that status frustration is the motive behind delinquent
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material from Item B and elsewhere‚ assess sociological explanations of ethnic differences both in offending and in victimisation. According to official statistics‚ there are significant ethnic differences in the likelihood of being involved in the criminal justice system. Specifically‚ black people are over-represented in the system. In this essay I will talk about the reasons for these differences. One of the reasons for the differences in crime statistics is put forward but left realists Lea and
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Describe and evaluate the biological explanation of gender development. Give evidence in your answer. (10 marks) The biological approach states that human beings have evolved so that males and females possess different chromosomes that trigger the production of different levels of certain hormones. It is these hormonal differences between the sexes that lead to differences in behaviour. This allows for males and females to perform different roles in reproduction thus ensuring the survival of
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phenomenon of crime from the perspective of political conservatism. Right realism assumes it takes a more realistic view of the causes of crime and deviance. Right realists believe crime and deviance are a real social problem that requires practical solutions. It is said that right realism perpetuates moral panics as a means of swaying the public to agree with their views. For example‚ the media claims that elderly people are scared to be attacked when venturing out‚ when in actuality crimes against OAP’s
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There are two ways of managing stress; either psychologically or biologically. One of the psychological methods is Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT)‚ which is a form of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Meichenbaum developed SIT in 1985 to allow a person to cope with stress before the problem actually arises. SIT helps people inoculate themselves against stress and turn their negative thoughts into positives using inoculation. There are 3 steps to inoculation: 1. Conceptualisation phase – The therapist
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Outline and evaluate psychological explanations for OCD (8+16 marks) One psychological explanation for OCD is the behavioural approach. The behavioural approach breaks obsessions and compulsions into separate categories. Mowrer (1960) suggests that the acquisition of fear and anxiety is a two-step process in which firstly the neutral stimulus is associated with anxiety through classical conditioning for example a child being told that food which has been dropped on the floor is disgusting‚ this
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Outline and evaluate psychological explanations of schizophrenia (24 marks) Brown and Birley studied stressful life events in the role of relapse in schizophrenics. They found that 50% of people experience a stressful life event e.g. death‚ relationship break-up‚ job loss etc. in the 3 weeks prior to a schizophrenic episode. A control sample reported a low and unchanging level of stressful life events over the same period. However not all evidence supports the role of life events. For example‚
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Evaluating the Psychological Therapies & Biological therapies PART B: OTHER MEDICAL THERAPIES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS By Konstantinos Geros THE BIOMEDICAL APPROACH Biomedical therapies seek to treat psychological disorders by changing the brain’s chemistry with drugs‚ its circuitry with surgery‚ or its patterns of activity with pulses of electricity or powerful magnetic fields Biomedical therapies assume an organic basis for mental illnesses and treats them as diseases
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Outline and evaluate psychological explanations for schizophrenia (24) One psychological explanation of SZ was put forward by Bateson et al (1956) who looked at childhood as a base for developing SZ‚ for example the interactions children have with their mothers. His explanation‚ the Double Bind theory‚ states that schizophrenia can occur due to conflicting messages given from parents to their children‚ for example when a parent expresses care but does so in a critical way. This means that the child
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