Vol 454j14 August 2008jdoi:10.1038/nature07190 REVIEWS Genomics of cellulosic biofuels Edward M. Rubin1‚2 The development of alternatives to fossil fuels as an energy source is an urgent global priority. Cellulosic biomass has the potential to contribute to meeting the demand for liquid fuel‚ but land-use requirements and process inefficiencies represent hurdles for large-scale deployment of biomass-to-biofuel technologies. Genomic information gathered from across the biosphere‚ including potential
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The Path Forward for Biofuels and Biomaterials 1. Arthur J. Ragauskas1‚*‚ 2. Charlotte K. Williams4‚ 3. Brian H. Davison6‚ 4. George Britovsek4‚ 5. John Cairney2‚ 6. Charles A. Eckert3‚ 7. William J. Frederick Jr.3‚ 8. Jason P. Hallett3‚ 9. David J. Leak5‚ 10. Charles L. Liotta1‚ 11. Jonathan R. Mielenz6‚ 12. Richard Murphy5‚ 13. Richard Templer4‚ 14. Timothy Tschaplinski7 +Author Affiliations 1. 1 School of Chemistry and Biochemistry‚ Georgia Institute of Technology‚ Atlanta
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Growth Potential for Biofuels 1 RUNNING HEAD: Growth Potential for Biofuels Biofuel: Energy Independence? December 13‚ 2009 Growth Potential for Biofuels 2 Executive Summary This paper will discuss the history and growth potential for biofuels as a way to relieve our dependence on foreign oil in the United States. It will look at the different sources available to produce biofuels‚ and whether biofuels would actually result in a reduction of green house gases. Lastly‚ I will discuss
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Pakistani Industries This report aims to present a detailed overview of biofuels and also aims to highlight the potential for developing bio-fuels based on the vast agricultural resources available to Pakistan. Omer Butt Institute of Business Administration‚ Karachi 12/29/2011 Preface This report aims at critically analyzing the Biofuels industry and the extent to which research is being conducted to develop biofuels that would be economically and environmentally viable to produce on a
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Environmental Issue Paper 07/31/12 Biofuels: The Pros and Cons A hot topic all over the world today is whether or not biofuels should be implemented to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels are defined as “liquid fuels derived from biological materials; can be made from plants‚ vegetable oils‚ forest products‚ or waste materials” (Dale‚ Kline‚ Wiens‚ 2). Currently in Europe‚ the European Commission (EC) is committed to reducing the total green house gas emissions 20% by 2020‚ and
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Biofuels: Mandating Harmful Consequences Energy is the common currency of all living things; something all species need. While plants rely directly on the sun for energy‚ humans rely on an array of sources like wind‚ fossil-fuel‚ water‚ solar‚ and more recently biofuels. Of these biofuels‚ which are fuels obtained directly from living plant matter‚ ethanol and biodiesel are the most commonly used. These two sources are typically used to fuel cars‚ trucks‚ aircraft‚ and small-engine machines. Biofuels
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advantages and disadvantages to the use of biofuels‚ it is first necessary to establish what biofuels are. With the increasing costs of barrels of oil and the negative effects imposed on the environment by these fuels‚ biofuels were created. By dissecting the word‚ its meaning can be discovered. With the prefix “bio-“ meaning life‚ biofuel means just that‚ fuels derived from living subjects. With consumer demand reaching all-time high levels‚ the creation of biofuels was completely necessary to help diminish
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Concepts for Biofuel Production Model The world will run out of fuel to power our transportation within the next couple generations. The pollutants and greenhouse gases that we our emitting while using the remaining fuel has a negative impact on the earth’s biosphere. Our dependency on foreign oil does not support the economy of the US; while we are supporting unstable countries in the Middle East. The price of gasoline is approaching the point of being unaffordable for many. It is obvious that
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study In the Philippines‚ forests and woodlands cover about 7‚168‚400 hectares (http://forestry.denr.gov.ph). These forests have unique environmental and biodiversity values‚ and make available a wide range of products for subsistence use. The most predominant use of wood is in the form of firewood and charcoal by the majority of Filipinos in both rural and urban areas. Firewood is preferred in rural areas simply because it is obtainable free of charge
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Algae Biofuel around the World There are several countries that use algae as a substance to create usable and efficient biofuel. Several of these countries are primarily found in Europe. Places such as Amsterdam and Paris use algae biofuel as a source of power. Recently several universities in London‚ England such as Cambridge and Cranfield University have begun develop studies in this field. This study in England will hopefully spread throughout the entire continent. As well as this‚ places
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