Biodiesel Fuel The biggest problem the United States faces today when we talk about becoming energy independent is replacing the gas we use to power our vehicles. When we talk about replacing gasoline as the fuel we use to power our vehicles‚ biomass‚ hydrogen‚ and fuel cells are the three most talked about alternatives. Biomass‚ which is organic material made from plants and animals‚ contains stored energy from the sun. Biomass in the form of bio fuels can be used to make the same products
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Introduction I. Attention Catcher: Mmm…carbon dioxide. Tastes good‚ doesn’t it? No? No. You’re right. Tastes horrible. To us‚ anyway. But plants seem to enjoy it… II. Listener Relevance: So how does this affect you? As long as we have trees‚ we’re fine‚ right? III. Speaker Credibility: Well‚ after reading everything on the subject…yes‚ everything! Including Piscina and Homs’ Chemical Society Reviews on October 25‚ I know that these amazing little green things can offer a lot more than
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Analysts expect gas prices to decrease or remain mostly flat not only in 2014‚ but for years to come. Nonetheless‚ drivers in some states will see higher prices at the pump‚ starting January 1. Gas prices may not have seemed all that cheap in 2013. But in fact‚ prices for the year as a whole were less expensive than they have been. According toAAA’s year-end report‚ American drivers paid $3.49 per gallon of regular‚ on average for 2013. That’s the cheapest per-gallon average since 2010; the national
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Andrew McClarren Each of the articles were notably different from each other based on the perspective the author took when discussing the usage of biofuels. In the first article‚ On the Horizon‚ Planes Powered by Plant Fuel‚ Author Matthew Wald reviews jet fuels‚ both alternative fuel based as well as petroleum based and the advantages and disadvantages of each. He established where he believes the issues lie and that is within the costs and land accessibility. The fruit jatropha is being used as
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installation) | $350 000 | Glycerol purification equipment (including installation) | $0 000 | Tanks | $100 000 | Biodiesel production equipment (incl. delivery and installation ) | $250 000 | Utility network | $000 | Advertising/Promotion | $5 000 | Land leasing | $0 | Raw materials (1 quarter of operations) | $660 000 | Salaries | $353 000 | Biodiesel production costs (chemicals‚ utilities‚ maintenance for 1 quarter) | $84 000 | Rent | $0 | Total Start-up Expenses
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Biodiesel production yields varied from 81.7 to 88.0 (wt%)‚ the lowest yields being the ones obtained using waste frying oil and lard alone as raw materials. The obtained products fulfilled most of the determined quality specifications according to European biodiesel quality standard EN 14214. Minimum purity (96.5 wt%) was closely obtained when waste frying oil was used alone and when 0.2% of lard was incorporated in the raw material (96.3 wt%); however‚ it ranged from 93.9 to 96.3 (wt%)
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Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation Abiney L. Cardoso‚ Soraia Cristina Gonzaga Neves and Marcio J. da Silva * Departament of Chemistry‚ Federal University of Viçosa‚ Viçosa‚ Minas Gerais‚ Brazil‚ 36570-000. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:silvamj2003@ufv.br Received: 5 August 2008; in revised form: 16 September 2008 / Accepted: 17 September 2008 / Published: 24 September 2008 Abstract: The production of biodiesel from low-cost
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resource that is being used in place of gasoline is biodiesel. A renewable fuel‚ produced from agricultural resources such as vegetable oils‚ biodiesel has more than one good thing going for it. It reduces the emission of gases responsible for global warming‚ promotes rural development‚ contributes toward the goal of energy security‚ is renewable‚ and reduces pollution. Biodiesel provides better engine performance and lubrication. Using biodiesel causes less maintenance issues than normal fuel‚ but
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like E85 ethanol and biodiesel that can help to put an end or decrease in these issues. These two sources are also sources that can be run in today’s conventional gasoline and diesel engines with in some cases little to no modifications. Alternative fuels such as e85 ethanol and biodiesel need to be more widely used in America because it would lift foreign
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temperature in an as received condition‚ this is to determine the cloud point and pour point for crude oil and biodiesel. THEORY * Cloud point : - Cloud point is the temperature at which a cloud of wax crystals first appears in a liquid when it is cooled under specified condition. In this experiment the cloud point is refer to the temperature below which wax in the crude oil and biodiesel form a cloud appearance. Due to presence of solidified waxes‚ the oil thickened and clogs fuel filters and
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