Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 217–232 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review ´ Teresa M. Mata a‚1‚*‚ Antonio A. Martins a‚2‚ Nidia. S. Caetano b‚1 a b Faculty of Engineering‚ University of Porto (FEUP)‚ R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N‚ 4200-465 Porto‚ Portugal ´nio Bernardino de Almeida‚ 4200-072 Porto‚ Portugal
Premium Algae Biofuel Biodiesel
Evaluating the sustainability of the EU policy: “By 2020‚ 10% of transport fuel in the EU should be supplied from Biofuels” Introduction: The 2009 Renewable Energy Directive (RED) required a 10% share of renewable energy in the transport sector by 2020; biofuels must emit a minimum of 35% less greenhouse gases (GHG) than the fossil fuels they replace‚ increasing to 50% for existing plants in 2017 and 60% for new infrastructure thereafter. The Fuel Quality Directive‚ setting a target of a 6% GHG
Premium Biofuel Greenhouse gas Biodiesel
Alcoholic Beverages: Alcoholic beverages have been consumed by humans since the Neolithic era; the earliest evidence of alcohol was discovered in Jiahu (site of a Neolithic Yellow River settlement based in the central plains of ancient China) dating from 7000–6600 BCE. The production and consumption of alcohol occurs in most cultures of the world‚ from hunter-gatherer peoples to nation-states. An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three
Premium Biofuel Palm oil Biodiesel
December 2013 Algae Biodiesel "Most fossil fuel supply experts project a future in which world crude oil supply drops two to five per cent per year... If it happens in 2015: by 2030 people must manage on 33% less oil‚ in 2045 they have 50% less‚ in 2060 they have 75% less" (“Fossil Fuel Depletion”). Fuel is essential in our society‚ and this depletion has affected and will continue to affect everyone. Because fossil fuels are nonrenewable‚ biodiesel is the next best thing. "Biodiesel refers to any diesel-equivalent
Premium Petroleum Biodiesel Biofuel
EIA. (2010‚ 4 1). Pakistan Energy Profile. Retrieved 5 16‚ 2010‚ from U.S. Energy Information Administration: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=PK [25] ^ NBB [26] ^ Facundo Francisco Regés Soulé‚ “The Competitiveness of Biodiesel Industry in Brazil”‚ 2008 [27] ^ Growth Consulting‚ “Biodeisel Development in Afghanistan and Pakistan”‚ 2009 [28] ^ Asad Javed and Khalid Zaman‚ “PROS AND CONS OF BIO-FUEL INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN”‚ 2010 [29] ^ Annie Dufey and Maryanne Grieg-Gran
Premium Biofuel Biodiesel Ethanol fuel
heat to industries and homes. BIOFUELS "Biofuels" typically refer to fluid transportation fuels like ethanol‚ biogas and biodiesel that are made from biomass materials – but can include prepared solid biomass fuels. These fuels are: Often blended with the petroleum fuels - gasoline and diesel fuel‚ but they can also be used on their own. o Using ethanol or biodiesel means we don’t burn quite as much fossil fuel. Often more expensive than the fossil fuels that they replace but they
Premium Biofuel Internal combustion engine Petroleum
warming because the carbon in the fuel was removed from the air by the plant feedstock. Making biofuel from waste oil is a great way to get fuel for a diesel engine‚ and can be done inexpensively. Using the chemical "brew" process‚ a backyard biodiesel manufacturer can make several hundred gallons of biofuel in a 24-hour period. Objective The main purpose of this study is to make a renewable source of energy made from everyday renewable resources. This aims to help the mankind to find another
Premium Petroleum Fossil fuel Carbon dioxide
Design and development of a Test rig to determine the Thermal and oxidation stability of Biodiesel Aim Design and fabrication of a test rig to determine thermal stability and oxidation stability of biodiesel. Objective Design of the reactor Fabrication of the reactor Fabrication of the control system Testing of the system Automation of the system Performance study of the oil for thermal stability Performance study of the oil for oxidation stability Introduction The term biofuel is used
Premium Biodiesel Petroleum Fat
ABSTRACT Biofuels are renewable and environmentally safe and refers to a nonpetroleum based fuel obtained from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats. Bioethanol and biodiesel are two important forms of biofuels. Non-edible oil obtained from the seeds of Jatropha curcas is the potential source of biodiesel. Therefore it is necessary to find out the varieties of Jatropha which contain maximum oil percentage. Tissue culture offers a reliable method to produce quality plants in large scale
Premium Cell culture Biodiesel Cutting
CHAPTER 2 MARKET FEASIBILITY Product Description The proposed product refined glycerine is derived from the glycerine‚ a bv product of oleochemicals and biodiesel production. Glycerine is a colorless‚ odorless‚ sweet tasting viscous liquid and is also hygroscpic (http://web.cals.uidaho.edu‚ 2012) which dissolves quickly in water (www.lush.co.uk‚ 2001). In addition‚ glycerin may be of animal (tallow) or vegetable (non tallow) origins which are both naturally occurring. According to www.patumoil
Premium Biodiesel Food E number