MSc Sustainable Community Design Heriot Watt University/ Findhorn Foundation College Q. Discuss the mechanisms for developing a circular metabolism in an urban environment and how these feed into the development of a sustainable community. INTRODUCTION The majority of cities today display a linear metabolism: a one way flow with resources and food coming in and waste products being pumped out. Food is brought into cities‚ eaten and then sewage is discharged
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Muscular System: Muscle Metabolism 1. List the three roles of ATP in muscle contraction: 1. _energizing the power stroke of the myosin cross bridge________________________ 2. _disconnecting the myosin head from the binding site on actin at the conclusion of a power stroke_________________ 3. _energizing the calcium ion pump; transporting calcium___________________ 2. The potential energy in ATP is released when the terminal high-energy bond is broken by a process called _hydrolysis________________________
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muscle metabolism Skeletal muscle is the major tissue responsible for glutamine synthesis in the body [9‚10]. In this context‚ glutamine anabolic effects in the skeletal muscle not only preserve lean mass‚ but also maintain plasma glutamine concentration in the body. Glutamine provides energy substrate to cells with a high turnover‚ nucleic acid precursors to cells of the immune system and is involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance [9‚ 11‚ 12]. The key enzymes in the metabolism of glutamine
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Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche‚ and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical
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Basic metabolism Topics covered today: 1. Concept of equilibrium and Gibb’s free energy 2. Catalysis 3. Energy carrier molecules 4. (reading: 65-88) Keeping a system organized requires energy * Maintain structures * Create-and re-create the building blocks * Reorganize/adapt * Two categories of metabolism * Catabolism: get energy by breaking down food (bimolecular). * Anabolic pathways: use energy to build molecules. Second law of thermodynamic
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organisms to grow and reproduce‚ maintain their structures‚ and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms‚ including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells‚ in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories. Catabolism breaks down organic matter‚ for example to harvest
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Matt Feldman Mr. Mosher AP Bio 12/6/2012 The Metabolism of Alcohol This article describes the process the liver undergoes to breakdown the alcohol in your blood stream. Also it discusses the consequences of heavy drinking and the damage it causes to your body. The only cells in our body that can metabolize ethanol are in our liver. In the cells NAD+ oxidizes the ethanol to acetic acid‚ which generates an excess amount of NADH‚ which gives its electrons to the ETC. Then Oxidative phosphorylation
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What is metabolism? All living things must have an unceasing supply of energy and matter. The transformation of this energy and matter within the body is called metabolism. Metabolism includes two different types: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is destructive metabolism. Typically‚ in catabolism‚ larger organic molecules are broken down into smaller constituents. This usually occurs with the release of energy. Anabolism is constructive metabolism. Typically‚ in anabolism‚ small precursor
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Metabolism Figure 1 above is adapted from João M‚ et al (2012) the chromatographic methodologies for analysis of cocaine and its metabolites which‚ shows the metabolic pathway of cocaine administrated. Cocaine is largely metabolized into two major metabolites benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) and two minor metabolites norcocaine (NCOC) and m- and p-hydroxycocaine (OH-COC) (Goldstein et al.‚ 2009). Benzoylecgonine is primarily produce in the liver by human carbozylerstrase type
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Sir Safar Lecture 2 Finals Pentose Phosphate Pathway (S. 70) Alternative pathway for glucose oxidation. Similar to glycolysis‚ but instead of having pyruvate as the end product it is diverted to other pathways. Supplier of energy to the cell in the form of NADPH (a reducing power for biosynthesis). It is also referred to as hexose monophosphate shunt. *Fate of glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) IN THE PPP (S. 71) Taken out from glycolysis and converted into Ribulose 5-phosphate. With the conversion
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