Rosdahl and Kowalski TEXTBOOK OF BASIC NURSING PART C – Nursing Throughout the Life Cycle CHAPTERS: Unit 10 The High-Risk Newborn New Terminology ABO incompatibility anencephaly choanal atresia cleft lip cleft palate congenital endotracheal tube epispadias erythroblastosis fetalis esophageal atresia exstrophy galactosemia high-risk newborn hydrocephalus hyperbilirubinemia hypospadias New
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THE NEWBORN WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS A preterm infant is usually defined as a live-born infant born before the end of week 37 of gestation; another criterion is a weight of less than 2‚500 grams (5lb 8oz) at birth I. INCIDENCE Occurs approximately 7% of live births of white infants‚ in Afro-American infants the rate is doubled 14% (Thilo & Rosenberg‚ 2003) CAUSES/FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PRETERM BIRTHS 1. Low socio-economic status 2. Poor nutritional status 3. Lack of prenatal care 4
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Chapter 6 – Case Study 1 Mr. E.‚ age 53‚ has a history of alcoholism and came to his physician because of recent anorexia‚ nausea‚ and diarrhea‚ as well as heart palpitations and fatigue. He has been taking his diuretic tablet‚ but not his vitamin and mineral supplement. An ECG and blood tests indicate hypokalemia. Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the possible factors contributing to his electrolyte imbalance and the rationale for his signs and symptoms. 2. What are the signs of hypokalemia and
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In Saboteur‚ the author Ha Jin tries to make the reader believe that because Mr. Chiu was falsely charged with sabotage‚ he becomes a saboteur by causing a hepatitis epidemic in Muji to satisfy his immediate need for revenge. He purposefully spreads hepatitis to several restaurants around the police station in hopes to infect some policemen and their families. The build up of anger‚ frustration and feelings of helplessness are in part responsible for Mr. Chiu’s irrational decision to commit such
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experience elevated bilirubin levels‚ which can reach grade 3-4 in approximately one third of all cases4. In ACTG 5237‚ 8% of the patients discontinued ATV due to jaundice5. The mechanism of this adverse event resembles Gilbert’s Syndrome‚ a form of mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia that affects ~3-9% of individuals in European ancestry6. Atazanavir acts as an inhibitor of uridine diphosphate –glucuronsyltransferase (UGT)‚ the enzyme responsible for hepatic conjugation of bilirubin. Three UGT subfamilies
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn ------------------------------------------------- What is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? Hemolytic disease of the newborn is also called erythroblastosis fetalis. This condition occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and baby. * "Hemolytic" means breaking down of red blood cells * "Erythroblastosis" refers to making of immature red blood cells * "Fetalis" refers to fetus -------------------------------------------------
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condition. When the underlying condition is treated‚ then the scleral icterus is also resolved. Causes: Bilirubin is a pigment that is excreted in bile and urine‚ and is processed by the liver. What occurs in people who have scleral icterus is that the processing system of the body to breakdown bilirubin. When red blood cells
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Title Biochemical Analysis of Blood Abstract Introduction After blood is collected from a patient it is analysed to check the fragments present and the fluid which will either be plasma or serum. After plasma is separated from blood it recollects the fibrinogen which in turn helps in clotting however serum is the portion of blood which remains after the fibrinogen is removed. Serum contains approximately 6-8% of the proteins which make up blood however plasma creates up to 55% of blood
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Disorders of the Digestive System Hyperacidity Excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is hyperacidity‚ which is technically known as hyperchlorohydria. It causes heart burn (Severe pain and burning sensation in the epigastric region due to hyperacidity is called heartburn) . Hyperacidity leads to ulcers. causes 1. Medicines like aspirin 2. Drinks like alcohol 1. Beverages like coffee 1. Cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing 1. Foods containing excess
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Ligaments.—The liver is connected to the under surface of the diaphragm and to the anterior wall of the abdomen by five ligaments; four of these—the falciform‚ the coronary‚ and the two lateral—are peritoneal folds; the fifth‚ the round ligament‚is a fibrous cord‚ the obliterated umbilical vein. The liver is also attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach by the hepatogastric and to the duodenum by the hepatoduodenal ligament (see page 1157). 17 The falciform ligament (ligamentum falciforme
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