of Environmental Quality. "Cars and Air Pollution." ADEQ. Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality‚ Jan. 2010. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. . • Blank‚ Chris. "Reasons for Urban Decay." EHow. Demand Media‚ 14 July 2009. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. . • "Catalytic Converters." International Platinum Group Metals Association. Jan. 2010. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. . • EPA on the internet. Jan 1993. Environmental Protection Agency. 02/19/2012 • HOLSTEIN‚ JARED. "Five Bestselling Hybrids." Car and Driver. Car and Driver‚ July
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“Exhaust Analysis of Four Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Copper Based Catalytic Converter” By Amin Chiragkumar Mahendrabhai Guided by: Dr. Pravin P. RathodPh.D.Associate ProfessorMechanical Engineering Department | Prof. Jigish J. GoswamiME (I.C. / Auto)Assistant ProfessorMechanical Engineering Department | A Thesis Submitted to Gujarat Technological University in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Automobile Engineering
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energizer 3 www.techalone.com CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE MAGNETIZER AND HYDRO CARBON FUEL 3. ATOMS OF HYDROGEN IN ITS PARA AND ORTHO STATE 4. HOW DOES MAGNETIZER ALLOW TO MEET THE REQUIRMENTS OF RULE 1-4 5. A COMPARISON BETWEEN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND THE MAGNETIZER 6. OXIDES OF NITROGEN AND FUEL TREATMENT 7. CONCLUSION 8. REFERENCE : 5 : 8 : 10 : 14 : 19 : 23 : 24 : 25 Mechanical engineering . www.techalone.com Fuel energizer 4 www.techalone.com Mechanical engineering . www.techalone
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Increasing engine efficiency by Electronic Ignition‚ Fuel injection… ii) Increasing vehicle efficiency iii) Increasing driving efficiency iv) Cleaning up the emissions by Air Injection‚ Exhaust Gas Recirculation‚ Catalytic Converter‚ Spark Optimizer II. Evaporative emission control techniques a) By capturing vented vapors b) Reducing refueling losses 8. Latest advances in control of emissions from automobiles I. Nasa’s laser technology
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memory‚ so that a technician can at a later date retrieve that fault in the form of a code which will help them determine the proper repair. Some of the more popular emission control devices installed on the automobile are: EGR valve‚ Catalytic Converter‚ Air Pump‚ PCV Valve‚ Charcol Canitiser etc. Like SI engine CI engines are also major source of emission. Several experiments and technologies are developed and a lot of experiments are going on to reduce emission from CI engine. The main constituents
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equipment on most cars today. Older and newer cars alike are equipped with a catalytic converter system. Which are supposed to convert hydrocarbons‚ carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into harmless materials emitted from the automobiles engine. According to Robert Harley‚ when nitrogen oxide from the engines exhaust is "over- reduced‚" a complex chemical reaction ensues. Ammonia gas (NH3) forms in the catalytic converter‚ which is then emitted from the vehicles tailpipe and released into the air. These
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transmission: There is no clutch pedal in an automatic transmission car. There is no gear shift in an automatic transmission car. Once you put the transmission into Drive‚ everything else is automatic! Both the automatic transmission (plus its torque converter) and a manual transmission (with its clutch) accomplish exactly the same thing‚ but they do it in totally different ways. It turns out that the way an automatic transmission does it is absolutely amazing! Location of the automatic transmission
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Study of Recovery of Waste Heat From the Exhaust of Automotive Engine K. Wojciechowski1‚ J. Merkisz2‚ P. Fuć2‚ P. Lijewski2‚ M.Schmidt1 1 Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics AGH University of Science and Technology‚ Al. Mickiewicza 30‚ 30-059 Cracow‚ Poland 2 Institute of Combustion Engines and Transportation‚ Poznan University of Technology‚ Piotrowo 3‚ 60-965‚ Poznan‚ Poland e-mail: gcwojcie@cyf-kr.edu.pl‚ phone: (+48)12-61-73-442 Abstract Automotive engines reject a considerable amount of
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combustion occurs efficiently when the fuel is injected just before TDC. However the rate of NO formation may be checked by implementing Exhaust Gas Recirculation. Furthermore‚ the amount of NOx in the exhaust gases may also be reduced using catalytic converters or SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) technique. EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine ’s exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. This inert exhaust reduces the mass of combustible material in the
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vehicles‚ we suggest installing a 3-way catalytic converter‚ which can oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide 2CO + O2 ---> 2CO2‚ unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water CxH2x+2 + (3x+1)/2 O2 ---> xCO2 + (x+1) H2O and reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen 2NOx ---﹥N2 ＋ xO2. Nevertheless‚ the catalytic converter cannot be used on leaded petrol vehicles because Lead will poison the catalyst such as Platinum inside the converter. Indeed‚ there are more possible solutions to
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