Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil. However‚ stereochemistry allows for five possible products. If only one carbonyl group is reduced during the reaction a racemic mixture of benzoin will be the product that is produced. After the first reduction a chiral center forms causing the second reduction to occur from only one side of the ketone. Depending on which side the second reduction take place there are three possible products including: a racemic
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Cinnamon bark (particularly C. verum) yields 0.4-0.8% oil‚ which contains 60-80% cinnamaldehyde‚ 4-5% sesquiterpenoids (α-humulene‚ β-caryophyllene‚ limonene and others)‚ eugenol‚ cinnamyl acetate‚ eugenol acetate‚ cinnamyl alcohol‚ methyl eugenol‚ benzaldehyde‚ benzyl benzoate‚ cuminaldehyde‚ monoterpenes (linalool‚ pinene‚ phellandrene and cymene)‚ safrole and others (List and Horhammer; Masada; Ravindran qtd. from Khan and Abourashed‚ 2011). Isolation of cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon oil of Cinnamomum
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mixture that consisted of 50% benzoic acid‚ 40% benzoin‚ and 10% dibromobenzene. The benzoic acid was extracted by the use of base and extraction technique. Then a crystallization was performed in order to separate benzoin by the use of hexane a solvent‚ leaving the dibromobenzne in the mother liquor. The percent recovery for benzoic acid was 91.8% and 80.3% for the benzoin. The MP for benzoic acid was 119-122°C (1) and 135-136°C (2)for the benzoin. The high percent recovery and closeness of measured
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The progress of the reaction was monitored in my case using two TLC plate. It first started off with the spotting of Standard benzoin and benzil which were provided in the lab and followed by the addition of the reaction mixture at once it starts changing colour/boiling‚ then at 10 and 20 mins into the reflux. Once all the necessary steps were spotted‚ the TLC plate was placed in in a beaker containing CH₂Cl₂(methylene chloride)‚ which was used as the developing solvent in this experiment. To check
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to produce another larger molecule. In an aldol condensation‚ β-hydroxyaldehyde or a β-hydroxyketone is produced in but upon heating the α‚β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone with water is produced. In double mixed aldo condensation of acetone and benzaldehyde‚ the α-hydrogen’s on both sides of the acetone deprotonates and a nucleophilic enolate anion arises as a result. In an aldol condensation many products are formed there reactant are more than one thus the aldehyde reacts with itself to yield a
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Results: Limiting Reactant: Eq 1 Limiting reactant = Benzoin Theoretical yield of Benzil: Eq 2 Theoretical Yield Benzil | 0.296 g | Mass of Crude Benzil | 0.188 g | Mass of Final Benzil | 0.127 g | % Yield | 43% | % Recovery | 66% | Table 1: Mass of crude/final Benzil‚ % yield‚ and % recovery Percent Yield: % Yield = (Final product/Theoretical product) x 100 Eq 3 = (0.127 g/0.296 g) x 100 = 43% yield Percent Recovery
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compound. Some test for the presence of aldehyde was made for this experiment. These tests includes Tollen’s test‚ Benedict’s Test‚ 2-4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and Schiff’s test. All the tests conduted yielded same results‚ that is‚ formalin and benzaldehyde are aldehyde-containing compounds while acetone is a ketone. On the other hand‚ effect of acid concentration on the addition of 2-4-dinitrophenylhydrazine yielded precipitate according to the concentration of the acids used. The 0.1M HCl‚ 0.1M
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dipole-dipole forces between sucrose and water. 2. For solutes that are dissolved because of reaction with the solvent‚ write the balanced equation involved. Balanced Equation A C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O D C6H5CHO + H2SO4 m-benzaldehyde sulfonic acid E C6H5CH2OH + H2SO4 C6H5CH2OH2+ + HSO4- G C6H5COOH + NaOH C6H5COONa + H2O C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 C6H5COONa + CO2 + H2O H C6H5NH2 + HCl → C6H5N+H3Cl- 3. On the basis of solubility behaviour‚ determine the
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6 "Chemical Structure Drawing Search - eMolecules." Chemical Structure Drawing Search - eMolecules. 7 Macaione‚ Domenic P.‚ and Stanley E. Wentworth. "An Improved Method For The Synthesis Of Benzils From Benzoins." Synthesis 1974.10 (1974): 716-716. Print. 8 “The Catalytic Oxidation of Benzoin to Benzil.” http://chemistry.cos.ucf.edu/redesign/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Benzil.pdf.
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Experiment No. 1: MELTING POINT AND BOILING POINTS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ABSTRACT The properties of organic compounds depend on their chemical structures. Intermolecular forces of attraction affect physical properties such as melting and boiling point. Through the Thomas Hoover apparatus‚ the melting point of 8 test compounds was determined. Salicylic acid exhibited the highest melting point while naphthalene‚ the lowest. The stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction‚ the higher the melting
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