Arbitrage in LIQUIFIED Natural Gas December 2012 Take a look at the long-term charts of crude oil and natural gas. The historical oil-to-gas price ratios have ranged from 6:1 to 10:1 before the economic crisis. Since one barrel of oil contains the energy equivalent of the 5.825 million BTU of natural gas‚ an implied BTU arbitrage kept this relationship in check. Spot natural gas traded as low 1.905 earlier in the week implying an energy equivalent price of a barrel
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Chapter 7 International Arbitrage and Interest Rate Parity Lecture Outline International Arbitrage Locational Arbitrage Triangular Arbitrage Covered Interest Arbitrage Comparison of Arbitrage Effects Interest Rate Parity Derivation of Interest Rate Parity Determining the Forward Premium Graphic Analysis of Interest Rate Parity How to Test Whether Interest Rate Parity Exists Interpretation of Interest Rate Parity Does Interest Rate Parity Hold? Considerations When Assessing Interest Rate Parity
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morally may be acting morally according to their set of standards‚ but in our opinion are very wrong. This is because we have different systems of morality. There are three major systems of morality: Immanuel Kant’s theory of Deontology‚ Aristotle’s theory on Virtues‚ and finally the theory of Utility‚ or the Utilitarian principles of Teleology. To start off we have Immanuel Kant‚ creator of the categorical imperative and the founder of deontological principles. These principles state that one shall
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Elektra Electronics Company is a business division of a mid-sized company focused on manufacturing and selling a high quality consumer electronic device through high-end marketing channels such as specialty shops and exclusive department stores. These specialty outlets advise and educate customers about the desirable features of different electronic devices. Elektra charges on average 500 per unit to its distributors‚ who mark it up to 899 when selling to retail customers. After many years of high
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However‚ the market will readjust itself by international arbitrage which is the act of capitalizing on the divergence of misquoted prices by creating a riskless profit. Arbitrage is a strategy that investors use to not have to make an investment which includes no risk or funds being tied to a certain asset. There are three forms of international arbitrage: location arbitrage‚ triangular arbitrage and covered interest arbitrage. Location arbitrage is a process where a participant of the foreign exchange
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Pricing Decisions are decisions faced by top management and marketing managers. How much to charge for a product or service depends on a multitude of factors such as competition‚ cost‚ advertising‚ and sales promotion. Economic theory suggests that the best price for a product or service is the one that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total costs. However‚ in reality‚ the price charged is usually some form of cost-plus‚ which is later adjusted for market conditions and competition
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CHRISTIAN SERVICE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS STUDIES PRICING AND ITS EFFECTS ON CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOUR BY ISAAC OFORI MANU SHIRLEY ANNOR PRISCILLA ADJEI ERIC OFOLI ANANG MARY ABENA FORDJOUR JULY 2011 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY We have read the university regulation relating to plagiarism and certify that this report is all our own work and do not contain any unacknowledged work from any other source. We also declare that we have been under supervision for this report herein
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1. Pricing decisions Factors to consider when setting prices All profit organizations and many non profit organizations must set prices on their products or services. Simply defined‚ price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. More broadly‚ price is the sum of the values consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. A company ’s pricing decisions are affected both by internal company factors and by external environmental factors. These factors
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Abuse of dominance: Predatory Pricing Submitted by: Radhika Sahay (Intern; May 2012 – June 2012) ------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5 CASES 6 LIST OF BOOKS‚ JOURNAL ARTICLES‚ REPORTS 8 LIST OF STATUTES REFFERED 11 CHAPTER1: BACKGROUND 12 CHAPTER 2: ABUSE OF DOMINANCE 15 2.1 Relevant Market: 16 2.2 Dominant Position: 20 a. Indian Position on indentifying “dominance” 20 DEFINITION OF DOMINANCE AND KEY ELEMENTS: 22 IMPORTANCE
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Transfer Pricing in Developing Countries An Introduction Topics 1. Abstract 2. International tax law & its sources 3. Brief history of International Tax Law 4. Who gets the pie? 5. Arm ’s length principle : Cornerstone of International Tax Law 6. Transfer pricing methods 7. Problems with of source taxation of MNE ’s 8. Internet & e-commerce : Achilles heel of current International taxation regime? 9. Formulary Apportionment (FA) 10. Existing uses of Formulary Apportionment systems in the world
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