The optimal capital structure Is there such a thing? Is there an Optimal Capital Structure? • Miller and Modigliani: • 1. You cannot derive value from financing strategies. If you finance with debt in a world with taxes‚ then you might add value from interest payments tax shields • Question: • If this is true for everyone‚ then why do not find more debt financing in more companies‚ i.e you find little debt in technological companies Myers and the Pecking Order • Prof. Myers found the following
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The capital market supply long term funds to corporations‚ government entities and other users of capital. The general type of debt instrument of the capital market is the bond. Bonds usually pay interest to the holder once in every six months (semi annually) and pay the principal or face amount upon maturity. Treasury notes and treasury bonds: The long term bond issues of the treasury that are available to investors are the treasury notes and the treasury bonds. Treasury notes have original fixed
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selling the Machine-Tech division. This sparks up interest to the users as to find out the reason behind it. It currently has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.66. But‚ the Board of Directors has decided to raise a significant amount of debt to finance the construction of a new manufacturing plant for the Solar-Electro division. This would increase the debt-to-equity ratio‚ which could generate concerns to investors. It is sensible to assess a low acceptable audit risk when the external users rely greatly
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company’s solvency is their debt- to-asset ratio. “This ratio indicates the proportion of total assets that are financed by debt.” (text) If this ratio is high it indicates a greater financing risk. In 2007 WestJet’s debt-to-asset ratio was 68.2%‚ it decreased in 2008 to 66.9%. This means they are financing more of the assets with equity in 2008 compared to 2007. When we compare this ratio to Air Canada we see a telling story. In 2007 Air Canada’s debt-to-asset ratio was 77.8%‚ but in 2008 it rose
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SHORT CASE: (source: Retail Management: A Strategic Approach 11th Ed.‚ Berman & Evans) Case 1: BED BATH & BEYOND’S PLAN FOR GROWTH Bed Bath & Beyond (BB&B‚ www.bedbathandbeyond.com)‚ the power retailer of domestics and home furnishings‚ has annual sales of $7 billion and a net income of $562 million. The firm’s profitability can be explained by its increasing gross profit margins at the same time it decreases selling‚ general‚ and administrative (SG&A) expenses as a percent of sales. BB&B
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company may be in they will add value. In fact the company stands to gain significant value‚ regardless of the economic state. 2. What is the expected value of the company’s debt in one year‚ with and without the expansion? .3*14=4.2 low .5*14=2.8 Normal .2*14=2.8 High (million dollars) 4.2+7+2.8= $14 million of debt 3. One year from now‚ how much value creation is expected from the expansion? How much value is expected for stockholders? Bondholders? Value Created from Expansion |
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The Debt/Equity ratio is another important indicator of Dunkin Donuts’ financial standing. In equation form‚ the Debt/Equity = Total Liabilities/(Total Assets – Total Liabilities). Debt/equity ratio is able to indicate all of its debt obligations of the next year with its current resources. In general‚ a high debt-to-equity ratio indicates that a company may not be able to generate enough cash to satisfy its debt obligations. However‚ a low debt-to-equity ratio may also indicate that a company is
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non-financial firms from different industries; they are Unilever Group and Rolls-Royce Holdings plc. In order to see the capital structure debt and equity ratios were calculated. According to calculations Unilever’s debt ratio is 32.49% and equity ratio is 67.51%. Rolls-Royce numbers are 16.81% and 83.19 % respectively. In both cases we see that firms prefer to use their own capital. We cannot tell with certainty why this structure was chosen‚ but we can look for example at the level of liquidity
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LECTURE 2 Debt exists of one of two broad types of claims on a business‚ Equity and Debt. That is ownership claims (or the right to any and all residual asset value after all prior claims are met) and prior ranking claims known as debt. Equity is typically a form of permanent capital in the capital framework of a company while debt is typically nonpermanent with a variety of forms. This course focuses on Dept with special emphasis on the Debt Capital Markets. A debt instrument is a document
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GE2202: Economy and Space Research Essay Capital Flows of the Greek Debt Crisis Word Count: 1957 Done by: Ng Hong Qing (A0093512) Tutorial Group DE4 Introduction The Greek Debt Crisis (GDC) saw the plunge of a country into one of the worst economic disasters it has experienced. Having historically run budget deficits to finance social benefits and policies‚ Greece has also incurred fairly high levels of public debt. However‚ the GDC was not an outcome of domestic problems. Following the global
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