Earth and Space Science 3.1 Achievement Standard 91412 Auckland Geological History * Nature of Auckland’s Volcanoes * Eruption History Volcanoes are an important feature of the Auckland city landscape. In most cases they are emphasized by their different forms such as reserves and parks‚ while in the other locations‚ they have been quarried away to meet the city’s demand for construction material. According to research‚ distributed over a 20km radius are approximately about 49 volcanoes
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intermediate in composition between rhyolite and basalt. ANTHRACITE: coal of a hard variety that contains relatively pure carbon and burns with little flame and smoke. APHANITIC: A dense‚ homogeneous rock with constituents so fine that they cannot be seen by the naked eye. ASSIMILATION: is that process of magmatic differentiation whereby ascending magmas evolve chemically by recruiting easily melted or dissolved components from the walls of their conduits. BASALT: a dark‚ fine-grained volcanic rock that
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link below) in which an estimated 25% of the population of Iceland was killed. "The system erupted over an 8 month period during 1783-1784 from the Laki fissure and the adjoining Grímsvötn volcano‚ pouring out an estimated 14 km3 (3.4 cu mi) of basalt lava and clouds of poisonous hydrofluoric acid & sulphur dioxide compounds that killed over 50% of Iceland’s livestock population‚ leading to famine which killed approximately 25% of the population. The Laki eruption and its aftermath has been estimated
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along mid-ocean ridges‚ or along submarine ridges where new seafloor is created. There is much volcanic activity here as massive fissure eruptions frequently occur. Crusts of oceanic and continental type differ by their thickness and by composition. Basalt‚ an igneous rock (from the cooling of magma)‚ makes up the SIMA‚
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mantle and forms Earth’s relatively cool‚ rigid outer shell 4. How do continental crust and oceanic crust differ? Continental Crust - Very thick and contain various types of rocks Oceanic Crust - Not as thick and is made up of dark igneous rock basalt End of Chapter Questions (pg.359) 3. Use the accompanying
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boundary 2.1.2 Convergent boundary 2.1.3 Transform boundary 2.2.2 Divergent boundary Divergent boundaries cause oceanic ridges‚ valleys and lakes. Divergent boundaries can cause volcanic eruptions. Location: Basalt in (Mid-Atlantic Ridge‚ East-African Rift). Convergent boundary Leads to trenches valleys or coastal and intra-continental mountain ranges being formed convergent boundaries often lead to the forming of volcanoes and can tsunamis‚ earthquakes‚ oceanic
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1) How old is the oldest oceanic crust (Atlantic‚ Pacific‚ and Indian)? Atlantic Ocean: The oldest part of the Atlantic Ocean is near the North American and African Coasts. They are approx 180 million years old. Pacific Ocean: The oldest oceanic crust in the Pacific Ocean is closest to Japan. It is approx 155-180 million years old. Indian Ocean: The oldest oceanic crust in the Indian Ocean is to the west of Australia. It is approx 140-160 years old. 2)
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Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Theory (Part 1a) Introduction: The Beginning of the “Continental Drift Theory” In the middle of the eighteenth century‚ James Hutton proposed a theory‚ uniformitarianism; “the present is the key to the past”. It held that processes such as geologic forces- gradual and catastrophic-occurring in the present were the same that operated in the past. (Matt Rosenberg‚ 2004) This theory coincides with the theory of Continental Drift that was first proposed by Abraham
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Melanie Brooke Yeakley 1. What is the myth from which volcanoes get their name? •It comes from the little island of Vulcano in the Mediterranean Sea off Sicily. Centuries ago‚ the people living in this area believed that Vulcano was the chimney of the forge of Vulcan--the blacksmith of the Roman gods. They thought that the hot lava fragments and clouds of dust erupting from Vulcano came from Vulcan’s forge as he beat out thunderbolts for Jupiter‚ king of the gods‚ and weapons for Mars‚ the god
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a river plain. The Snake River Plain stretches from Oregon across northern Nevada and southern Idaho into Wyoming. Its geologic history is a complicated tale of normal fractures in the Earth’s crust on its western edge to a more complex plot of basalt lava flows perhaps stemming from a hot plume of magma now beneath Yellowstone National Park. Coastal plains are stretches of lowland next to oceans that are separated from the interior by highland features such as mountains and plateaus. Often
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