EOSC 114: Volcanoes Notes from Web Notes Lesson 1: Why Do Volcanoes Have Different Characteristics? A. Formation of Lava Magma is formed by melting preexisting rock in Earth’s interior For magma to rise through crust it must be: (1)less dense than the crust (2) runny enough to flow (3) hot enough to stay liquid Magma that cools to form solid rock = lava B. Composition of Magma/Lava Magma is composed of various proportions of: Oxygen‚ Silicon‚ Aluminum‚ Iron‚ Calcium and Potassium Mineral –
Premium Volcano Lava Basalt
AN INTRODUCTION TO IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY OHN D. WINTER An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology John D. Winter Department of Geology Whitman College EB00062387 Prentice Hall Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River‚ New Jersey 07458 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Winter‚ John D. (John DuNann) An introduction to igneous and metamorphic petrology/by John D. Winter. p. cm. Includes
Premium Igneous rock Metamorphic rock Petrology
Associate Level Material History of Rock Worksheet Leah Bechtel 12/09/2012 SCI/245 Robert Dillon Write a 500- to 750-word explanation regarding the role of plate tectonics in the origin of igneous rocks. The role of plate tectonics in the origin of igneous rock is extremely important. Igneous rock is formed from magma that reaches the continental and oceanic crust or through hot spots that are around the world. There are three different places where igneous rocks can form; where
Premium Basalt Igneous rock Plate tectonics
Self-Test Chapter 1 1. ____________ is fundamentally concerned with understanding the processes that operate at or beneath the surface of Earth and the materials on which those processes operate. a. Economic geology b. Physical geology c. Historical geology d. Environmental geology e. Planetary science 2. In the scientific method‚ a theory is ____________. a. an assumption that cannot be either proven or refuted. b. a plausible‚ but yet to be proved‚ explanation of a phenomenon
Premium Earth Geology Plate tectonics
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Geology What is geology‚ and what is the difference between physical and historical geology? Geology is the scientific study of the Earth and its major systems Physical Geology is the Study of the Earth’s composition. structure‚ and the processing that shape it Historical Geology is the Study of Earth’s history and the history of life With respect to why we study geology‚ in class I cited three areas of benefit to humanity where geologic knowledge is needed. What
Free Plate tectonics Volcano Basalt
grow. Intrusive igneous rocks with visible crystals all about the same size are referred to as a phanerictic texture while extrusive igneous rocks with their fine grained texture are referred to as aphanites rocks with the most common of them being basalt. Reference: Coffey‚ J..(December 6‚2010). How Are Igneous Rocks Formed. Universe Today. Retrieved July 19‚ 2011 from:
Premium Igneous rock Basalt Petrology
Handout Differentiation of Magmas By Fractional Crystallization Karl R. Wirth Geology Department Macalester College St. Paul‚ MN 55105 wirth@macalester.edu Purpose: * improve understanding of fractional crystallization and magmatic differentiation * utilize mineralogy concepts (e.g.‚ stoichiometry) * utilizeclassification and chemical variation diagrams * provide practical experience designing and using spreadsheets * provide appreciation of the historical origins
Premium Magma Basalt Igneous rock
Another period of volcanism occurred exposing the basalts and andesites of Mt. Galen. During this period of volcanism‚ magma was rising beneath the surface and was unable to escape. therefore cooling and creating another granitic blob crystallizing under the surface. “As a final tribute to the active tectonics
Premium Plate tectonics Basalt Igneous rock
Potassium Argon Dating Potassium-Argon dating is a form of radiometric dating which tells us the absolute age of rocks. Practically all elements are radioactive to some extent‚ some more than others. Moreover‚ different isotopes of elements are more radioactive than others. Isotopes are forms of a particular atom that varies in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. For instance‚ K-40 is a naturally occurring isotope of Potassium is far more radioactive than its siblings K-39 and K-41 because K-40
Premium Radioactive decay Earth Electron
Explain the differences between Basaltic‚ Rhyolitic and Andesitic volcanic eruptions with reference to processes‚ which lead to the eruptions‚ the type of volcano produced and the reasons for the differences between the material erupted by these volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions are caused by a red-hot liquid rock‚ called magma inside the earth’s core. Volcanoes erupt when magma rises to the surface of the earth‚ which causes bubbles of gas to appear in it. This gas can cause pressure to build up in
Premium Volcano Plate tectonics Lava