Oligopoly An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). Oligopolies can result from various forms of collusion which reduce competition and lead to higher costs for consumers.[1] With few sellers‚ each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm therefore influence and are influenced by the decisions of other firms. Strategic planning by oligopolists needs to take into account the
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scale/learning economies and the ratio of fixed to variable costs‚ and excess capacity and exit barriers. Threat of New Entrants. The threat of new entry can force firms to set prices to keep industry profits low. The threat of new entry can be mitigated by economies of scale‚ first mover advantages to incumbents‚ greater access to channels of distribution and existing customer relationships‚ and legal barriers to entry. Threat of Substitute Products. The threat of substitute products can force firms
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collusive oligopoly (10 marks) * * Oligopoly‚ is a market form in which where few sellers dominate the market for an identical or differentiated good‚ and where there are high barriers to entry. The market is determined by very few‚ however very large firms. The barriers of entry are very significant‚ as they include high initial fixed costs‚ access to resources and economies of scale and legal barriers. Unlike perfect competition where there are identical products‚ in an Oligopoly you have
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Qns 6 Entry and Exit will determine the extent of competition in an industry. Apply to the airline‚ pharmaceutical or supermarket businesses. Using the industry of your choice‚ how can this company deter entry? Entry is the beginning of production and sales by a new firm in a market‚ and exit occurs when a firm ceases to produce in a firms. The existence of high start-up costs or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily enter an industry or area of business. Barriers to entry
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Oligopoly Characteristics Oligopoly is the main form of modern market structure. The term "oligopoly" is used to define a market in which there are few companies‚ some of which control a large share of the market. In the oligopoly industry some major companies compete among themselves and the introduction of new firms on this market is complicated‚ because of the presence of barriers to entry. Products manufactured by firms can be both homogeneous and/or differentiated. Homogeneous products have
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Chapter 04 The External Environment Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 81) The external environment can be divided into various subcategories: A. Remote‚ political‚ social B. Remote‚ social‚ operational C. Remote‚ industry‚ operating D. Technological and social Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1 2. (p. 81) A firm’s external environment includes a remote sector‚ industry sector and an operating sector. The remote sector includes which of the following categories
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difficult? What has made it possible in IKEA’s case? 3） Describe how IKEA’S expansion has re-energized mature markets around the world and changed the competitive situation. 4） How does the TV advertising campaign initiated by IKEA overcome the entry barrier of high advertising expenditures? 5）Should IKEA expand further in the United States or focus on other countries? 2 GLOBALIZATION AT WHIRLPOOL 1）To what extent is the appliance market regional rather than global? 2）What seem to be the key
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BARRIER TO ENTRY FOR NEW FIRMS Celano and Cornetto have been the two biggest firms in Viet Nam ice cream cone market for a long time. Therefore‚ it’s very difficult or even impossible for new firms to enter the market. Such barrier can be listed as: - Advertising: Celano and Cornetto spend so heavily on advertising that new firms would find difficult to aford (that is known as the market power theory of advertising). The use of advertising of these two established firms creates a consumer perceived
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Oligopoly is a market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products. It is an intermediate form of imperfect competition. OPEC is an epitome of Oligopoly. Features of Oligopoly: • Non Price Competition • Interdependent decision making • Entry Barriers If organizations behave in cooperative mode to mitigate the competitions amongst themselves it is called Collusion. When two or more organizations agree to set their outputs or prices to maintain monopoly it is called
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There are various types of market structures but the most important of all is the oligopolistic market structure. An oligopoly is when a market is dominated by relatively few large firms. An example of an oligopolistic market structure is commercial banking and the newspaper industry. One of the other market structures is Perfect Competition (PC). The way that firms in perfect competition set the price of their products is through the MC=MR condition for profit maximization and at the same time
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